Host susceptibility to infestation with Amblyomma hebraeum

Norval, R. A. I.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400016064

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The hypothesis that differences in tick burdens, both within and between species, could be related to differences in habitat use1,2,19,30,31 or to differences in grooming rate,32–34 is not confirmed by our study. Habitat use by wild and domestic ungulates in Kelvin Grove9 did not show a segregation between ungulate species (or between cattle breeds), which could explain the observed differences in tick burdens.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Adult Tick Burdens and Habitat Use of Sympatric Wild and Domestic Ungulates in a Mixed Ranch in Zimbabwe

Garine‐Wichatitsky¹

2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Ticks do not usually infest sympatric hosts species according to their availability in a given environment, and it has been suggested that habitat use by hosts is a major determinant of tick burdens. The knowledge of such infestation patterns and their relationship with host habitat use is important for the control of the vectors of some major stock diseases in Africa, particularly in the context of mixed game/cattle ranching. In a ranch of Zimbabwe, we monitored the number of adult ticks found on cattle and wild ungulates. Tick burdens were measured weekly during one year on 12 heifers of an experimental herd (no acaricide used), and on wild ungulates occasionally shot for meat. Adult ticks were not evenly distributed among wild hosts, and infestation patterns corresponded to observations made by several authors in similar conditions. However, these infestation patterns could not be related to habitat use by ungulates, which had been previously monitored by road transect at the scale of the ranch, as these authors found a high niche overlap and no habitat segregation between ungulate species. In an attempt to relate habitat use by Brahman and Simmental heifers with the number of adult ticks collected during one day of grazing, we followed the heifers and recorded their position and activity (one or two days per week; each recording session was 7 h 30 min on average, for a total of 940 hours of survey). No correlation was found between the number of ticks collected and the distance (or time spent) traveled in each vegetation type or the number of grooming episodes. The possible role of other behavioral and physiological parameters is discussed, and the results are compared with those found for other tick-host associations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Adult Tick Burdens and Habitat Use of Sympatric Wild and Domestic Ungulates in a Mixed Ranch in Zimbabwe

Garine‐Wichatitsky¹

2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…As behavioural competence reduces transmission risk (Barron et al 2015), coping styles or beneficial personalities could be selectively bred to enhance resistance traits (Gjedrem & Rye 2016). Similar goals have previously been achieved in cattle, where tick infections were reduced through selective breeding to enhance grooming behaviours (Norval 1992).…”

Section: Behaviour As a Methods To Enhance Resistance To Diseases And mentioning

confidence: 85%

Behaviour in the toolbox to outsmart parasites and improve fish welfare in aquaculture

Bui

Oppedal

Sievers

et al. 2017

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Host behaviour can prevent infection and moderate the fitness of parasites. Antiparasite behaviours are prevalent in many host–parasite systems and occur over fine or broad scales. With global growth in aquaculture production and the associated proliferation of parasites in farming systems, the behaviour of the fish being farmed has seldom been investigated in relation to parasites. Epidemics and outbreaks of parasites are prevalent in most aquaculture systems, and behaviour could be harnessed in concert with current methods to prevent and control parasites and pathogens. However, this requires a systematic understanding of the behaviours of hosts, their capacity for resistance and their interaction with the environment and the parasite. Herein, we present evidence for how behaviour could be used in aquaculture, and discuss the possibility for behaviour to be used in aquaculture as (i) an indicator of welfare status, (ii) a tool in prevention or control and (iii) to maintain or improve welfare. We apply this framework to a case study of a highly problematic parasite, the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We present the current state of the system, and the drawbacks of current control or prevention methods. We synergise current knowledge on host behaviours and show how behaviour could be incorporated into current and new approaches for prevention and control. Through this first evaluation of the possibilities behaviour presents in disease management, we aim to facilitate a shift in the current disease control paradigm from reactive‐based post‐infection control to pre‐infection prevention approaches.

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“…Norval (1992) discussed the role of the defensive animal behaviour of cattle previously exposed to the adults and nymphs ofA. hebraeum in reducing tick infestations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infestations of the bont tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae) on different breeds of cattle in Zimbabwe

Norval¹,

Sutherst

Kerr

1996

Exp Appl Acarol

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A large-scale field test using pheromone-acaricide-impregnated plastic tail-tag decoys demonstrated excellent efficacy of these devices for control of the bont tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, on cattle in Zimbabwe. The tail tags were impregnated with a mixture containing o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate, 2,6-dichlorophenol and phenylacetaldehyde and one of three different acaricides (cyfluthrin, flumethrin or alphacypermethrin). o-Nitrophenol and methyl salicylate are components of the A. hebraeum attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone, while 2,6-dichlorophenol and phenylacetaldehyde are proven attractants for this tick. Both o-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate were lost gradually from the tags over 12 and 14 week periods, respectively. In field trials, tick counts were compared between cattle that received tail tags either impregnated with pheromone mixture alone, cyfluthrin and pheromone mixture, flumethrin and pheromone mixture, alphacypermethrin and pheromone mixture or were left untreated. During the first 3 month trial period, control of adult bont ticks was 94.9% with cyfluthrin tail tags and 87.5% with flumethrin tail tags. In general, there was no significant difference in bont tick numbers on cattle without tags and those with tail tags containing pheromone only. When the trial was repeated for another 3 month period, control of bont ticks with tail tags containing cyfluthrin and flumethrin was 99.3 and 95.1%, respectively. However, control of bont ticks using alphacypermethrin was only 79.2%. Overall, retention of tail tags was excellent although some loss was encountered during the rainy season. In addition to controlling bont ticks, the tail tags provided moderate control of other tick species (Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Hyalomma spp.) simultaneously infesting cattle in the trials.

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Host susceptibility to infestation with Amblyomma hebraeum

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Adult Tick Burdens and Habitat Use of Sympatric Wild and Domestic Ungulates in a Mixed Ranch in Zimbabwe

Adult Tick Burdens and Habitat Use of Sympatric Wild and Domestic Ungulates in a Mixed Ranch in Zimbabwe

Behaviour in the toolbox to outsmart parasites and improve fish welfare in aquaculture

Infestations of the bont tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae) on different breeds of cattle in Zimbabwe

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