Host species and strain combination determine growth reduction of spruce and birch seedlings colonized by root‐associated dark septate endophytes

Reininger, Vanessa; Grünig, Christoph R.; Sieber, Thomas N.

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02686.x

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The ecology of dark septate endophytes is relatively less well known than that of other rootassociated fungi. The effects of DSEs on spruce range from neutral to negative and are straindependent (Tellenbach et al, 2011;Reininger et al, 2012). The relative increase in dark septate endophytes 1 year after the tree dieback may indicate their use of dead spruce roots as a substrate for growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

et al. 2014

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Coniferous forests cover extensive areas of the boreal and temperate zones. Owing to their primary production and C storage, they have an important role in the global carbon balance. Forest disturbances such as forest fires, windthrows or insect pest outbreaks have a substantial effect on the functioning of these ecosystems. Recent decades have seen an increase in the areas affected by disturbances in both North America and Europe, with indications that this increase is due to both local human activity and global climate change. Here we examine the structural and functional response of the litter and soil microbial community in a Picea abies forest to tree dieback following an invasion of the bark beetle Ips typographus, with a specific focus on the fungal community. The insect-induced disturbance rapidly and profoundly changed vegetation and nutrient availability by killing spruce trees so that the readily available root exudates were replaced by more recalcitrant, polymeric plant biomass components. Owing to the dramatic decrease in photosynthesis, the rate of decomposition processes in the ecosystem decreased as soon as the one-time litter input had been processed. The fungal community showed profound changes, including a decrease in biomass (2.5-fold in the litter and 12-fold in the soil) together with the disappearance of fungi symbiotic with tree roots and a relative increase in saprotrophic taxa. Within the latter group, successive changes reflected the changing availability of needle litter and woody debris. Bacterial biomass appeared to be either unaffected or increased after the disturbance, resulting in a substantial increase in the bacterial/fungal biomass ratio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

et al. 2014

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“…– Acephala applanata species complex) can result in a reduction in plant biomass accumulation under elevated temperature conditions. The changes analyzed involve an array of factors ranging from the genetic background of the host to the colonization capacity of the symbiont as well as interactions with other fungal strains/taxa (Reininger et al, 2012). To what extent the interactions in the marine niches in terms of the combined genetic backgrounds of sessile marine animal hosts and the fungi involved, along with environmental changes, are analogous to those described in some of the terrestrial systems, has yet to be analyzed.…”

Section: Do Fungi Have the Potential Of Altering The Response Of Sessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal association with sessile marine invertebrates

Yarden

2014

Front. Microbiol.

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The presence and association of fungi with sessile marine animals such as coral and sponges has been well established, yet information on the extent of diversity of the associated fungi is still in its infancy. Culture – as well as metagenomic – and transcriptomic-based analyses have shown that fungal presence in association with these animals can be dynamic and can include “core” residents as well as shifts in fungal communities. Evidence for detrimental and beneficial interactions between fungi and their marine hosts is accumulating and current challenges include the elucidation of the chemical and cellular crosstalk between fungi and their associates within the holobionts. The ecological function of fungi in association with sessile marine animals is complex and is founded on a combination of factors such as fungal origin, host health, environmental conditions and the presence of other resident or invasive microorganisms in the host. Based on evidence from the much more studied terrestrial systems, the evaluation of marine animal–fungal symbioses under varying environmental conditions may well prove to be critical in predicting ecosystem response to global change, including effects on the health of sessile marine animals.

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“…Interactions of plants with endophytes or mycorrhizal fungi were studied intensively [13], [26]–[30], even under different temperature regimes [31]. However, studies about tripartite interactions among endophytes, mycorrhizal fungi and plants are scarce [32]–[35], prompting Porras-Alfaro and Bayman [36] to emphasize the need for integrating mycorrhizal and fungal root-endophyte research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. bicolor was chosen as ECM because of its strong competitive behavior on Douglas-fir [41] and due to its distinctness from PAC mycelium in regards to color and presence of clamp connections. Douglas-fir and Norway spruce were chosen as host plants since they are clearly hosts of PAC, and PAC is known to behave completely different on different hosts [30]. Additionally Norway spruce could be replaced by Douglas-fir under global warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhiza Reduces Adverse Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) on Growth of Conifers

Reininger

Sieber

2012

PLoS ONE

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Mycorrhizal roots are frequently colonized by fungi of the Phialocephala fortinii s.l. – Acephala applanata species complex (PAC). These ascomycetes are common and widespread colonizers of tree roots. Some PAC strains reduce growth increments of their hosts but are beneficial in protecting roots against pathogens. Nothing is known about the effects of PAC on mycorrhizal fungi and the PAC-mycorrhiza association on plant growth, even though these two fungal groups occur closely together in natural habitats. We expect reduced colonization rates and reduced negative effects of PAC on host plants if roots are co-colonized by an ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECM). Depending on the temperature regime interactions among the partners in this tripartite ECM-PAC-plant system might also change. To test our hypotheses, effects of four PAC genotypes (two pathogenic and two non-pathogenic on the Norway spruce), mycorrhization by Laccaria bicolor (strain S238N) and two temperature regimes (19°C and 25°C) on the biomass of the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were studied. Mycorrhization compensated the adverse effects of PAC on the growth of the Norway spruce at both temperatures. The growth of the Douglas-fir was not influenced either by PAC or mycorrhization at 19°C, but at 25°C mycorrhization had a similar protective effect as in the Norway spruce. The compensatory effects probably rely on the reduction of the PAC-colonization density by mycorrhizae. Temperature and the PAC strain only had a differential effect on the biomass of the Norway spruce but not on the Douglas-fir. Higher temperature reduced mycorrhization of both hosts. We conclude that ectomycorrhizae form physical and/or physiological barriers against PAC leading to reduced PAC-colonization of the roots. Additionally, our results indicate that global warming could cause a general decrease of mycorrhization making primary roots more accessible to other symbionts and pathogens.

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Host species and strain combination determine growth reduction of spruce and birch seedlings colonized by root‐associated dark septate endophytes

Cited by 57 publications

References 51 publications

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

Fungal association with sessile marine invertebrates

Mycorrhiza Reduces Adverse Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) on Growth of Conifers

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