Host Selection and Acceptability of Selected Tree Species by Gypsy Moth Larvae, &lt;I&gt;Lymantria dispar&lt;/I&gt; (L.)

Shields, Vonnie D. C.; Broomell, Brian P.; Salako, Jelilat O.B.

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0920:hsaaos]2.0.co;2

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More specifically, tree species lacking alkaloids (e.g., Quercus rubra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer saccharum, Tilia americana) were more highly favored than those containing them (e.g., Fagus grandifolia and Liriodendron tulipifera) (Barbosa & Krischik 1987, Barbosa et al, 1990. Shields et al (2003) examined the feeding preference hierarchy of gypsy moth larvae to seven tree species and found that sweet gum (L. styraciflua) and red oak (Q. rubra) were highly preferred, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and American basswood (T. americana) were secondarily favored, American beech (F. grandifolia) and black walnut (Juglans nigra) were least favored, and tulip poplar (L. tulipifera) was strongly rejected. These findings were supported by the fact that alkaloids are absent in Q. rubra, L. styraciflua, A. saccharum, and T. americana, whereas one or more are present in F. grandifolia and L. tulipifera (Gibbs, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colony was maintained on a high wheat germ artificial diet (Bio-Serv, Frenchtown, NJ) at 24-26 °C, ca. 60% humidity, and a 12h light: 12h dark photoperiod regimen (Shields et al, 2003;2006). We used fifth instar larvae that were 12-18 h postmolt, randomly selected, and deprived of food 10-14 h prior to the experiments.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a two-choice feeding bioassay (after Jermy et al, 1968;Shields et al, 2003;2006) to evaluate the feeding responses of L. dispar larvae. Disks (9-mm diameter cork borer) were punched out from red oak (Quercus rubra) (L.) leaves, a plant species highly favored by L. dispar larvae (Shields et al, 2003).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disks (9-mm diameter cork borer) were punched out from red oak (Quercus rubra) (L.) leaves, a plant species highly favored by L. dispar larvae (Shields et al, 2003). Branches were collected consistently from the same trees between 9-11 a.m. daily (June-July 2006) and immediately placed in water.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of varying alkaloid concentrations on the feeding behavior of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Shields

Smith

Arnold

et al. 2008

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Nine alkaloids (acridine, aristolochic acid, atropine, berberine, caffeine, nicotine, scopolamine, sparteine, and strychnine) were evaluated as feeding deterrents for gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar (L.); Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Our aim was to determine and compare the taste threshold concentrations, as well as the ED 50 values, of the nine alkaloids to determine their potency as feeding deterrents. The alkaloids were applied to disks cut from red oak leaves (Quercus rubra) (L.), a plant species highly favored by larvae of this polyphagous insect species. We used two-choice feeding bioassays to test a broad range of biologically relevant alkaloid concentrations spanning five logarithmetic steps. We observed increasing feeding deterrent responses for all the alkaloids tested and found that the alkaloids tested exhibited different deterrency threshold concentrations ranging from 0.1 mM to 10 mM. In conclusion, it appears that this generalist insect species bears a relatively high sensitivity to these alkaloids, which confirms behavioral observations that it avoids foliage containing alkaloids. Berberine and aristolochic acid were found to have the lowest ED 50 values and were the most potent antifeedants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of varying alkaloid concentrations on the feeding behavior of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Shields

Smith

Arnold

et al. 2008

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

Self Cite

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“…dispar is an exotic folivore responsible for the defoliation of millions of acres of hardwood forest in the northeastern and midwestern United States. L. dispar performed better on sweetgum compared with other tree species in the Southeast (6,129). Of five hardwoods evaluated, larval L. dispar reared on sweetgum exhibited the second-lowest mortality, highest pupal weight, shortest larval developmental time, and highest adult fecundity (6).…”

Section: Liquidambar: Sweetgummentioning

confidence: 98%

Biology and Management of Insect Pests in North American Intensively Managed Hardwood Forest Systems,

Coyle

Nebeker

Hart

et al. 2005

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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▪ Abstract Increasing demand for wood and wood products is putting stress on traditional forest production areas, leading to long-term economic and environmental concerns. Intensively managed hardwood forest systems (IMHFS), grown using conventional agricultural as well as forestry methods, can help alleviate potential problems in natural forest production areas. Although IMHFS can produce more biomass per hectare per year than natural forests, the ecologically simplified, monocultural systems may greatly increase the crop's susceptibility to pests. Species in the genera Populus and Salix comprise the greatest acreage in IMHFS in North America, but other species, including Liquidambar styraciflua and Platanus occidentalis, are also important. We discuss life histories, realized and potential damage, and management options for the most economically influential pests that affect these hardwood species. The substantial inherent challenges associated with pest management in the monocultural environments created by IMHFS are reviewed. Finally, we discuss ways to design IMHFS that may reduce their susceptibility to pests, increase their growth and productivity potential, and create a more sustainable environment.

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Feasting on the ordinary or starving for the exceptional in a warming climate: Phenological synchrony between spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) and budburst of six European tree species

Vitasse,

Pohl,

Walde

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Global warming is affecting the phenological cycles of plants and animals, altering the complex synchronization that has co‐evolved over thousands of years between interacting species and trophic levels. Here, we examined how warmer winter conditions affect the timing of budburst in six common European trees and the hatching of a generalist leaf‐feeding insect, the spongy moth Lymantria dispar, whose fitness depends on the synchrony between egg hatch and leaf emergence of the host tree. We applied four different temperature treatments to L. dispar eggs and twig cuttings, that mimicked warmer winters and reduced chilling temperatures that are necessary for insect diapause and bud dormancy release, using heated open‐top chambers (ambient or +3.5°C), and heated greenhouses (maintained at >6°C or >10°C). In addition, we conducted preference and performance tests to determine which tree species the larvae prefer and benefit from the most. Budburst success and twig survival were highest for all tree species at ambient temperature conditions, whereas it declined under elevated winter temperature for Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus, likely due to a lack of chilling. While L. dispar egg hatch coincided with budburst in most tree species within 10 days under ambient conditions, it coincided with budburst only in Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus, and, to a lesser extent, Ulmus glabra under warmer conditions. With further warming, we, therefore, expect an increasing mismatch in trees with high chilling requirements, such as Fagus sylvatica and A. pseudoplatanus, but still good synchronization with trees having low chilling requirements, such as Q. robur and C. betulus. Surprisingly, first instar larvae preferred and gained weight faster when fed with leaves of F. sylvatica, while Q. robur ranked second. Our results suggest that spongy moth outbreaks are likely to persist in oak and hornbeam forests in western and central Europe.

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Host Selection and Acceptability of Selected Tree Species by Gypsy Moth Larvae, <I>Lymantria dispar</I> (L.)

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

The effect of varying alkaloid concentrations on the feeding behavior of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

The effect of varying alkaloid concentrations on the feeding behavior of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Biology and Management of Insect Pests in North American Intensively Managed Hardwood Forest Systems,

Feasting on the ordinary or starving for the exceptional in a warming climate: Phenological synchrony between spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) and budburst of six European tree species

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