Host responses associated with chronic staphylococcal mastitis in rabbits

Guerrero, Irene; Ferrian, Selena; Penadés, Mariola; García-Quirós, A.; Pascual, Juan José Montero; Selva, Laura; Martín, David Viana; Corpa, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.03.020

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…To examine the role of macrophages, key in chronic mastitis 29 , murine macrophages (J774) with phagocytic characteristics were challenged with P. zopfii GT-II. Prototheca zopfii GT-II internalized inside macrophages in a time-dependent fashion (up to 8 hpi; Fig.…”

Section: P Zopfii Gt-ii-driven Apoptosis Occurred In Both Mammary Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototheca zopfii genotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis

Shahid

Cobo

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Prototheca zopfii is an alga increasingly isolated from bovine mastitis. of the two genotypes of P. zopfii (genotype i and ii (Gt-i and-ii)), P. zopfii Gt-ii is the genotype associated with acute mastitis and decreased milk production, although its pathogenesis is not well known. the objective was to determine inflammatory and apoptotic roles of P. zopfii Gt-ii in cultured mammary epithelial cells (from cattle and mice) and murine macrophages and using a murine model of mastitis. Prototheca zopfii Gt-ii (but not Gt-i) invaded bovine and murine mammary epithelial cells (Mecs) and induced apoptosis, as determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. this P. zopfii Gt-ii driven apoptosis corresponded to mitochondrial pathways; mitochondrial transmembrane resistance (ΔΨm) was altered and modulation of mitochondrionmediated apoptosis regulating genes changed (increased transcriptional Bax, cytochrome-c and Apaf-1 and downregulated Bcl-2), whereas caspase-9 and-3 expression increased. Apoptotic effects by P. zopfii Gt-ii were more pronounced in macrophages compared to Mecs. in a murine mammary infection model, P. zopfii GT-II replicated in the mammary gland and caused severe inflammation with infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β and Cxcl-1) and also apoptosis of epithelial cells. thus, we concluded P. zopfii Gt-ii is a mastitis-causing pathogen that triggers severe inflammation and also mitochondrial apoptosis.

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Section: P Zopfii Gt-ii-driven Apoptosis Occurred In Both Mammary Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototheca zopfii genotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis

Shahid

Cobo

Chen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…To examine the role of macrophages, key in chronic mastitis [27], murine macrophages (J774) with phagocytic characteristics were challenged with P. zopfii GT-II. Prototheca zopfii GT-II internalized inside macrophages in a time-dependent fashion (up to 8 hpi; Fig 3A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototheca zopfiiGenotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis

Shahid

Cobo

Chen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Prototheca zopfii is an alga increasingly isolated from bovine mastitis. Of the two genotypes of 21 P. zopfii (genotype I and II (GT-I and II)), P. zopfii GT-II is the genotype associated with acute 22 mastitis and decreased milk production by unknown mechanisms. The objective was to 23 determine inflammatory and apoptotic roles of P. zopfii GT-II in cultured mammary epithelial 24 cells (from cattle and mice) and murine macrophages and using a murine model of mastitis. 25 Prototheca zopfii GT-II (but not GT-I) invaded bovine and murine mammary epithelial cells 26 (MECs) and induced apoptosis, as determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 27 mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. This P. zopfii GT-II driven 28 apoptosis corresponded to mitochondrial pathways; mitochondrial transmembrane resistance 29 (ΔΨm) was altered and modulation of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis regulating genes 30 changed (increased transcriptional Bax, cytochrome-c and Apaf-1 and downregulated Bcl-2), 31 whereas caspase-9 and -3 expression increased. Apoptotic effects by P. zopfii GT-II were more 32 pronounced in macrophages compared to MECs. In a murine mammary infection model, P. 33zopfii GT-II replicated in the mammary gland and caused severe inflammation with infiltration 34 of macrophages and neutrophils and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β and 35 Cxcl-1) and also apoptosis of epithelial cells. Thus, we concluded P. zopfii GT-II is a mastitis-36 causing pathogen that triggers severe inflammation and also mitochondrial apoptosis. 37 38 39 40 3 41 Author summary 42 Bovine mastitis (inflammation of the udder) reduces milk production and quality, causing huge 43 economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. Although the alga Prototheca zopfii is a major 44 cause of mastitis in dairy cows, mechanisms by which it damages mammary tissues are not well 45 known. Here, we used cell cultures and a mouse model of mastitis to determine how Prototheca 46 caused inflammation and cell death in mammary tissues. Prototheca invaded mammary gland 47 cells, from cattle and mice, as well as macrophages (white cells that take up and kill pathogens) 48 and caused cell death by interfering with mitochondria. Furthermore, Prototheca causes severe 49 inflammation and tissue damage when injected into the mammary glands of mice. Although 50 there are two genotypes of P. zopfii, only genotype II causes tissue damage, whereas gentotype I, 51 common in farm environments, does not damage mammary tissues. Since P. zopfii is an alga and 52 not a bacterium, antibiotic treatments, frequently used to treat mastitis in cattle, are not effective 53 against this organism. Understanding how P. zopfii damages mammary tissue and causes mastitis 54 is important new knowledge to promote future development of evidence-based approaches to 55 prevent and treat mammary gland infections with this organism. 56 57 4 63 protothecal mastitis can be clinical or subclinical. In clinical cases, symptoms include fever (up 64 to 40 ...

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“…These enterotoxins exert superantigen activity and can activate very large numbers of the exposed T cell population and disturb cytokine release to evade the host immune system (Projan and Novick, 1997). In a recent study, animals infected with ST121 strains showed greater circulating granulocytes and lower lymphocytes in blood than those infected by S. aureus ST96 strain (Guerrero et al, 2015). This different immune response could be explained by the presence or absence of these enterotoxins, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Screening of virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from rabbits

Martín

Selva²,

Penadés³

et al. 2015

World Rabbit Sci.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen able to cause disease in both humans and animals. In rabbits, this bacterium infects animals of different ages, producing several purulent lesions. The ability of S. aureus to cause disease depends on a combination of virulence factors. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the distribution of bacterial virulence determinants in 69 S. aureus isolates from rabbits. Some virulence factors (7 adhesins, 1 toxin and 1 protease) were positive in all rabbit S. aureus isolates analysed, while others (1 adhesin and 10 toxins) were always negative. The remaining virulence factors were more variable among isolates. An association between genotype and the different profiles of virulence factors was observed, but not with the type of lesion (P<0.05). One strain of each genotype was further analysed by multilocus sequence typing, generating ST121, ST96 and ST2951, determining a greater number of enterotoxins in ST121 isolates compared to ST96 and ST2951 isolates, which could justify the different pathogenicity between strains.

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Host responses associated with chronic staphylococcal mastitis in rabbits

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Prototheca zopfii genotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis

Prototheca zopfii genotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis

Prototheca zopfiiGenotype II induces mitochondrial apoptosis in models of bovine mastitis

Screening of virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from rabbits

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