Host range and physiologic specialization in Rhynchosporium secalis

Ali, SM; Boyd, W. J. R.

doi:10.1071/ar9740021

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This, in addition to evidence for wide host range (Ali and Boyd 1974;Caldwell 1937;Zaffarano et al 2008), extensive pathogenic variability and ability to generate new virulence phenotypes (Brown 1990;Jackson and Webster 1976) suggests that the invasion of R. commune to the Middle East poses a potential risk to native Hordeum communities, perhaps similar to a community shift observed in California after the introduction of a viral pathogen that was able to infect native grasses (Borer et al 2007), and the population crash of Torreya taxifolia in Florida as a result of pathogens introduced with cultivated conifers (Schwartz et al 1995). Furthermore, sources of resistance identified in wild barley populations that have only recently been exposed to the pathogen are less likely to be durable because they have not been selected through a long-term coevolutionary process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Invasion of Rhynchosporium commune onto wild barley in the Middle East

Kiros-Meles¹,

Gómez

McDonald

et al. 2010

Biol Invasions

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Rhynchosporium commune was recently introduced into the Middle East, presumably with the cultivated host barley (Hordeum vulgare). Middle Eastern populations of R. commune on cultivated barley and wild barley (H. spontaneum) were genetically undifferentiated and shared a high proportion of multilocus haplotypes. This suggests that there has been little selection for host specialization on H. spontaneum, a host population often used as a source of resistance genes introduced into its domesticated counterpart, H. vulgare. Low levels of pathogen genetic diversity on H. vulgare as well as on H. spontaneum, indicate that the pathogen was introduced recently into the Middle East, perhaps through immigration on infected cultivated barley seeds, and then invaded the wild barley population. Although it has not been documented, the introduction of the pathogen into the Middle East may have a negative influence on the biodiversity of native Hordeum species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Currently, R. commune has a worldwide distribution and is present wherever barley is cultivated. Apart from cultivated barley, R. commune can also infect other Hordeum species as well as Bromus driandrus (Ali and Boyd 1974;Caldwell 1937;Zaffarano et al 2008). It was assumed that R. commune co-evolved with its Hordeum spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Invasion of Rhynchosporium commune onto wild barley in the Middle East

Kiros-Meles¹,

Gómez

McDonald

et al. 2010

Biol Invasions

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“…This includes resistance genes which have not been used in cultivars grown in Norway. Unnecessary virulence in R. secalis populations has been recorded previously in Norway, Australia, USA, Canada and Denmark (Hansen & Magnus, 1973;Ali & Boyd, 1974;Jackson & Webster, 1976a;Xue & Hall 1991;Lyngs Jørgensen, 1992). Our isolates came from commercial Norwegian and Swedish (cultivar Bamse) barley cultivars lacking any known specific resistance.…”

Section: Variation In Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Rhynchosporium secalis isolates from Norway on 30 cultivars of barley

Salamati

Tronsmo

1997

Plant Pathology

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The pathogenic variability of the barley scald fungus, Rhynchosporium secalis, in central Norway was examined in 1994. The climate in this region is usually cold and wet during the growing season of spring barley. Leaf blotch is prevalent and causes significant yield losses. Forty‐two isolates of the fungus, from naturally infected spring barley in four counties, were differentiated into 32 pathotypes by the standard differential set for R. secalis. All pathotypes were complex and had virulence for nine to 22 differentials. The cultivar Osiris was resistant to all isolates tested. The cultivars C.I.8162, Hudson, Atlas 46 and C.I.3515 were resistant to the majority of the isolates. Several differentials with various resistance genes were susceptible to up to 100% of the isolates. Isolates were derived from local cultivars with no known resistance genes, suggesting that R. secalis populations in central Norway are characterized by a high degree of seemingly unnecessary pathogenicity. Because of the great variability and complexity of the pathotypes, traditional breeding methods using single major genes are not likely to be effective in central Norway.

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“…Algerian was reported to be useful for differentiating between Polish R. secalis isolates (see Goodwin et al ., 1990), but was uniformly susceptible to Mexican isolates (Moreno & Vivar, 1975) and did not display resistance to Australian isolates (Ali & Boyd, 1973) . It is susceptible to Finnish isolates .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes for resistance in barley to Finnish isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis

1995

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Twenty Finnish isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J .J . Davis, the causal agent of scald, were taken from infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L .) plants and inoculated on to seedlings of a differential series of barley containing a range of major genes for resistance to the fungus, as well as on to six Nordic 6-row spring barleys and three winter ryes (Secale cereale L .) . These fungal isolates derived from four sites and three host varieties . Disease development was monitored on two leaves of seedlings in the greenhouse employing a standard scale, and on adult plants in the field by assessing the diseased area on the three uppermost leaves . A comparison was also made between the pathogenicity and virulence of ten Finnish and ten Canadian R. secalis isolates . The Finnish isolates varied in virulence, but with the exception of Algerian (CI 1179) seedlings and adult La Mesita (CI 7565) all seedlings and adult plants of the entire differential series were resistant to all isolates . Canadian isolates were, on average, less virulent than Finnish isolates . All the Nordic checks were susceptible to all Finnish and seven Canadian isolates, but differences in the degree of susceptibility were evident . Isolates of R. secalis from barley were non-pathogenic on rye, isolates from Elymus repens L. were non-pathogenic on barley and rye, and isolates from rye were only pathogenic on rye . Finnish R. secalis isolates contain no redundant pathogenic diversity . The differential series represents a useful, but as yet untapped, source of resistance to R . secalis for Finnish barley breeders .

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Host range and physiologic specialization in Rhynchosporium secalis

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Invasion of Rhynchosporium commune onto wild barley in the Middle East

Invasion of Rhynchosporium commune onto wild barley in the Middle East

Pathogenicity of Rhynchosporium secalis isolates from Norway on 30 cultivars of barley

Genes for resistance in barley to Finnish isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis

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