HOST PREFERENCE AND ALLOZYME DIFFERENTIATION IN SHOOT GALLING SAWFLY,<i>EUURA ATRA</i>

Roininen, Heikki; Vuorinen, Jukka; Tahvanainen, Jorma; Julkunen‐Tiitto, Riitta

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01218.x

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Similar results were found by Roininen et al (1993) in the Euura atra complex. This is not surprising because the chemical properties of galls can differ drastically from that of the host plants (Hartley 1992(Hartley , 1998; T. Nyman and R. Julkunen-Tiitto, unpubl.…”

Section: Host-plant Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 78%

Evolution of Gall Morphology and Host-Plant Relationships in Willow-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

2000

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Abstract. There are over 200 species of nematine sawflies that induce galls on willows (Salix spp.). Most of the species are mono-or oligophagous, and they can be separated into seven or eight different groups based on the type of gall that they induce. We studied the evolution of different gall types and host plant associations by reconstructing the phylogeny of five outgroup and 31 ingroup species using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses resulted in essentially the same phylogeny with high support for important branches. The results show that: (1) the galling species probably form a monophyletic group; (2) true closed galls evolved only once, via leaf folders; (3) with the possible exception of leaf rollers, all gall type groups are mono-or paraphyletic; (4) similar gall types are closer on the phylogeny than would be expected by a random process; (5) there is an apparent evolutionary trend in galling site from the leaf edge towards the more central parts of the host plant; and (6) many willow species have been colonized several times, which excludes the possiblity of parallel cladogenesis between willows and the gallers; however, there are signs of restrictions in the evolution of host use. Many of the patterns in the evolutionary history of nematine gallers have also been observed in earlier studies on other insect gallers, indicating convergent evolution between the independent radiations.Key words. Coevolution, convergent evolution, evolutionary trends, extended phenotypes, gall morphology, gradualism, insect-plant relationships, Nematinae, phylogeny.Received June 1, 1999. Accepted October 11, 1999.The habit of galling has evolved many times independently in various organisms (Meyer 1987). In insects alone, gall induction has evolved in at least seven different orders, and in most of them several radiations have arisen (Meyer 1987; Dreger-Jauffret and Shorthouse 1992). The multiple origins of galling makes it possible to search for convergent features in these independent evolutionary histories. Indeed, recent phylogenetic analyses of gall-inducing aphids (Stern 1995), wasps (Stone and Cook 1998), and thrips (Crespi and Worobey 1998) have shown that common features exist in separate radiations. For example, in all these taxa gall morphology is determined mainly by the galler, not the host plant, and thus the gall can be considered an extended phenotype (sensu Dawkins 1982) of the galler.The nematine sawflies that induce galls on willows (Salix spp.) also offer a good model system for the study of evolutionary questions, especially questions about the evolution of different gall types and host plant associations (Price 1992). These sawflies belong to the tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae, which is comprised of hundreds of galling and nongalling species (Smith 1979;Gauld and Bolton 1988). There are about 200 species of galling nematines, most of which are mono-or oligophagous (Smith 1970;Price et al. 1994). Like their host plants, thes...

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Section: Host-plant Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 78%

Evolution of Gall Morphology and Host-Plant Relationships in Willow-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

2000

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“…Thus, our results indicate that the causes for the strict host specificity in gallers (2) are not linked to the chemical properties of the hosts; the reason may be in the ability to induce galls per se or in constraints (34,36) on the host recognition system. Because gall interior chemistry is not determined by the host plant, it is not surprising that no connection has been found between galler phylogeny and host plant chemistry in the few studies that have addressed the question (15,37). Indeed, it is likely that the factors determining the probability of host shifts in gallers are fundamentally different from those in other phytophagous insects, and thus studies on gallers can provide valuable new insights into the evolutionary interactions between plants and herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of the phenolic chemistry of willows by gall-inducing sawflies

Nyman

Julkunen‐Tiitto

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The ability to induce galls on plants has evolved independently in many insect orders, but the adaptive significance and evolutionary consequences of gall induction are still largely unknown. We studied these questions by analyzing the concentrations of various plant defense compounds in willow leaves and sawfly galls. We found that the galls are probably nutritionally beneficial for the sawfly larvae, because the concentrations of most defensive phenolics are substantially lower in gall interiors than in leaves. More importantly, changes in chemistry occur in a similar coordinated pattern in all studied willow species, which suggests that the insects control the phenolic biosynthesis in their hosts. The resulting convergence of the chemical properties of the galls both within and between host species indicates that the role of plant chemistry in the evolution of host shifts may be fundamentally less significant in gallers than in other phytophagous insects.

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“…On the other hand, a significant divergence, of about 3%, exists between the barcodes of these five taxa and five German and Finnish E. atra specimens (nearly identical with each other). Roininen et al (1993b) studied Finnish populations from five willow species, using oviposition experiments, and analysis of allozyme differentiation. They concluded that these comprise three distinct lineages, equivalent to E. atra (S. alba, S. × fragilis), E. weiffenbachiella (S. rosmarinifolia), and E. auritae [= E. salicislapponicae] (S. cinerea and S. lapponum).…”

Section: Atra Subgroupmentioning

confidence: 99%

North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)

Liston

Heibo²,

Prous

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

821

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The sawfly genus Euura of the tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae, in which species level taxonomy has long been regarded as controversial, is particularly species rich in northern parts of the Holarctic. Among a majority of species with more or less free-living larvae, a sizeable minority belongs to a monophyletic lineage whose larvae complete their whole development in galls. We present illustrated keys to the adults and galls of 66 gall-inducing Euura species that occur, or might occur, in northern Europe. The distribution of these species is briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on the fauna of Sweden, where 55 species are now definitely recorded, two of them for the first time (E. bigallae, E. myrtilloidica). The species-level taxonomy of gall-inducing Euura remains partly problematic. Nominal species described on the basis of experimentally tested or assumed host plant specificity, but which cannot be recognised using morphological or genetic characters, are treated as conspecific with currently indistinguishable segregates ("host-plant races") associated with other Salix species. 20 new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Eupontania acutifoliae baltica Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2006 and Pontania acutifoliae daphnoides Zinovjev, 1993 (Euura acutifoliae (Zinovjev, 1985)), Euura boreoalpina Kopelke, 2001 (Euura lanatae Malaise, 1921), Euura cinereae Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied and Euura lapponica Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied (Euura auritae Kopelke 2000), Euura gemmacinereae Kopelke, 2001 and E. nigritarsis Cameron, 1885 (Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)), Euura phylicifoliae Kopelke, 2001 (Euura myrsinifoliae Kopelke, 2001), Nematus westermanni Boheman, 1852 nomen oblitum (Euura scotaspis (Förster, 1854) nomen protectum), Nematus acerosus Hartig, 1840 (Euura saliciscinereae (Retzius, 1783)), Nematus alienatus Förster, 1854 and Phyllocolpa rolleri Liston, 2005 (Euura leucapsis (Tischbein, 1846)), Nematus angustus Hartig, 1837 (Euura atra (Jurine, 1807)), Nematus erythropygus Förster, 1854 (Euura leucosticta (Hartig, 1837)), Nematus impunctatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1840 (Euura amerinae (Linnaeus, 1758)), Pontania carinifrons Benson, 1940 and Phyllocolpa plicaglauca Kopelke, 2007 (Euura destricta (MacGillivray, 1923)), Pontania obscura Kopelke, 2005 (Euura bridgmanii (Cameron, 1883)), Pontania viminalis var. lugubris Enslin, 1918 and Eupontania collactanea rosmarinifoliae Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2006 (Euura collactanea (Förster, 1854)). Euura weiffenbachiella nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Euura weiffenbachii Ermolenko, 1988; preoccupied in Euura by Pteronidea weiffenbachi Lindqvist, 1958 (Euura piliserra (Thomson, 1863)). Lectotypes are designated for the following 9 taxa: Euura insularis Kincaid, 1900, Euura lanatae Malaise, 1921, Euura lappo Malaise, 1921, Euura lappo var. hastatae Malaise, 1921, Nematus acerosus Hartig, 1840, Nematus leptocerus Förster, 1854, Nematus vallisnierii Hartig, 1837, Pontania megacephala Rohwer, 1908, and Pontania piliserra var. mascula Enslin, 1915. Because of secondary homonymy within Euura, the valid name of the Nearctic species E. arctica MacGillivray, 1919 is E. delicatula (MacGillivray, 1919). The Nearctic Euura megacephala is removed from synonymy with the Holarctic E. destricta and treated as a valid species. 34 species names are newly combined with Euura.

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HOST PREFERENCE AND ALLOZYME DIFFERENTIATION IN SHOOT GALLING SAWFLY,EUURA ATRA

Cited by 60 publications

References 50 publications

Evolution of Gall Morphology and Host-Plant Relationships in Willow-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Evolution of Gall Morphology and Host-Plant Relationships in Willow-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Manipulation of the phenolic chemistry of willows by gall-inducing sawflies

North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)

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