Host population size is linked to orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities in roots and soil, which are shaped by microenvironment

Kaur, Jaspreet; Phillips, C. Douglas; Sharma, Jyotsna

doi:10.1007/s00572-020-00993-5

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Recent evidence indicates that phosphorus content is higher in the roots of larger populations of Platanthera cooperi and the surrounding bulk soil, which are mainly colonized by the Tulasnellaceae. In contrast, higher zinc content and a higher relative abundance of Ceratobasidiaceae are observed in smaller P. cooperi populations (Kaur et al, 2020). Interestingly, Ceratobasidiaceae are more abundant in phosphorus-rich restored grasslands, while Serendipitaceae are more common in seminatural grasslands with higher organic matter content (Vogt-Schilb et al, 2020).…”

Section: A Framework For How Omf Affect the Distribution And Population Dynamics Of Orchidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, the interaction between OMF and orchids is a key factor determining orchid distribution and development, and diversity of OMF has a strong impact on the niche and life cycle of host orchids. For instance, low OMF diversity and high heterogeneity in OMF community composition may lead to weak growth of orchid populations (Kaur et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Orchid distribution and population dynamics are influenced by a variety of ecological factors and the formation of holobionts, which play key roles in colonization and ecological community construction. Seed germination, seedling establishment, reproduction, and survival of orchid species are strongly dependent on orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), with mycorrhizal cheating increasingly observed in photosynthetic orchids. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of OMF can have profound effects on orchid distribution and fitness. Network analysis is an important tool for the study of interactions between plants, microbes, and the environment, because of the insights that it can provide into the interactions and coexistence patterns among species. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview, systematically describing the current research status of the effects of OMF on orchid distribution and dynamics, phylogenetic signals in orchid–OMF interactions, and OMF networks. We argue that orchid–OMF associations exhibit complementary and specific effects that are highly adapted to their environment. Such specificity of associations may affect the niche breadth of orchid species and act as a stabilizing force in plant–microbe coevolution. We postulate that network analysis is required to elucidate the functions of fungal partners beyond their effects on germination and growth. Such studies may lend insight into the microbial ecology of orchids and provide a scientific basis for the protection of orchids under natural conditions in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

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Section: A Framework For How Omf Affect the Distribution And Population Dynamics Of Orchidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Based on the changes in fungal abundance shown in Figure 8 , we hypothesize that the greater growth and increase in the number of new plants at PRWI ( Figure 3 and Figure 7 ), compared to APH, was due to an increase in fungal abundance (i.e., the Fungal Abundance Hypothesis ). The research on Isotria reported by Rock-Blake et al [ 29 ] and similar research on other orchids [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] have indicated that the abundance of orchid mycorrhizal fungi is important for sustaining orchid populations. Rock-Blake et al [ 29 ] found fungal abundance to be greater in instances where Isotria emerged from above ground, compared to where they were dormant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isotria medeoloides, a North American Threatened Orchid: Fungal Abundance May Be as Important as Light in Species Management

Whigham

McCormick

Brooks

et al. 2021

Plants

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The management of endangered or threatened plant species is difficult if protocols are not developed to propagate species for the purpose of restoration or the enhancement of existing populations. The management of endangered and threatened orchids is especially difficult because of the obligate interactions between orchids and orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Isotria medeoloides is a federally threatened forest-dwelling orchid species with a wide distribution in eastern North America. Seeds have not been successfully germinated and current management is based primarily on using subcanopy thinning to increase light in areas where monitoring demonstrates that populations are declining. We report the results of long-term monitoring efforts, canopy thinning, and orchid mycorrhizal fungus abundance studies at two locations in Virginia. The declining populations responded positively to the experimental and natural thinning of the canopy. At one site, the response was the result of understory canopy thinning. At the second site, the response was due to the natural death of a canopy tree. In light of the dramatic increase in fungal abundance following death of the canopy tree, we propose the Fungal Abundance Hypothesis as an additional approach to the management of endangered plant species. The removal of canopy trees in or adjacent to Isotria populations results in an increase in dead belowground biomass (i.e., roots of the dead canopy tree) that provides substrates for microbial growth, including orchid mycorrhizal fungi, that benefit Isotria.

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“…For instance, the knowledge of the structure and function of bacterial guilds associated with orchid roots is extremely limited at present though some distinct trends are noticeable and informative. As such, mirroring the patterns of OMF availability in soil, orchid RAB also tend to have lower abundances in rhizosphere soil ( Kaur et al, 2020 ). This observation suggests that orchid RAB likely remain restricted primarily to the perennating tubers without maintaining a significant presence outside the orchid tissues.…”

Section: Implications Of Orchid Rab For Orchid Conservationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Besides the evolutionary implications of hologenomes, both spatial and temporal changes in the hologenomic components could help optimize the functioning of holobionts and eventually predict the distribution patterns of orchids. Orchids are represented pan-globally even though the distribution ranges of individual species range from highly endemic ( Swarts et al, 2010 ; Pandey et al, 2013 ; Kaur et al, 2021 ) to wide ranging ( Hutchings, 2010 ; Davis et al, 2015 ; Kaur et al, 2019 ). Regardless of their distributions, however, a large majority of orchid taxa are faced with declining trends as their local populations, which are often small, are exposed to anthropogenic or environmental threats ( Swarts and Dixon, 2009 ; Fay, 2018 ).…”

Section: Functional Roles Of Rab In Plant Biology and Perspectives On The Role Of Orchid Rab In Orchid Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid Root Associated Bacteria: Linchpins or Accessories?

Kaur

Sharma

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Besides the plant-fungus symbiosis in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants, many endorhizal and rhizosphere bacteria (Root Associated Bacteria, or RAB) also enhance plant fitness, diversity, and coexistence among plants via bi- or tripartite interactions with plant hosts and mycorrhizal fungi. Assuming that bacterial associations are just as important for the obligate mycorrhizal plant family Orchidaceae, surprisingly little is known about the RAB associated with orchids. Herein, we first present the current, underwhelming state of RAB research including their interactions with fungi and the influence of holobionts on plant fitness. We then delineate the need for novel investigations specifically in orchid RAB ecology, and sketch out questions and hypotheses which, when addressed, will advance plant-microbial ecology. We specifically discuss the potential effects of beneficial RAB on orchids as: (1) Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), (2) Mycorrhization Helper Bacteria (MHB), and (3) constituents of an orchid holobiont. We further posit that a hologenomic view should be considered as a framework for addressing co-evolution of the plant host, their obligate Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi (OMF), and orchid RAB. We conclude by discussing implications of the suggested research for conservation of orchids, their microbial partners, and their collective habitats.

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Host population size is linked to orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities in roots and soil, which are shaped by microenvironment

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics

How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics

Isotria medeoloides, a North American Threatened Orchid: Fungal Abundance May Be as Important as Light in Species Management

Orchid Root Associated Bacteria: Linchpins or Accessories?

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