Host plants of Lycaenidae on inflorescences in the central Brazilian cerrado

Genomics‐based higher classification of the species‐rich hairstreaks (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)

“…The genera of Jantheclina are strictly Neotropical (Data S4). Two genera appear to be food plant specialists as larvae: Laothus specialize on Asteraceae (Hoffmann, 1935, 1937, Zikán, 1956; vouchers in USNM), whereas Allosmaitia feed on Malpighiaceae (Armas, 2004; Dewitz, 1879; Gundlach, 1881; Kaminski & Freitas, 2010; Silva et al, 2011; Silva, Duarte, Araújo, & Morais, 2014). Larvae of Laothus and Allosmaitia are not myrmecophilous (DeVries, 1990, 1991; Kaminski & Freitas, 2010).…”

“…A few, such as K. buccina (H. H. Druce) and P. aphaca (Hewitson), may occur in drier forested habitats. Caterpillar food plant records for Kolana are Araliaceae, Connaraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Lythraceae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Ochnaceae and Vochysiaceae (Silva et al, 2011, 2014; voucher in MNCR). Paiwarria may specialize on Celastraceae (Diniz, Morais, & Camargo, 2001; Silva et al, 2014), but data are scant.…”

“…As far as is known most genera feed on only one or two plant families. Olynthus is recorded from Lecythidaceae and Caryocaraceae (Nicolay, 1982; Silva et al, 2011; reared adults in USNM), Oenomaus (Figure 4k, including Porthecla ) from Annonaceae (Fennah, 1937; Ballou, 1945; Guagliumi, 1965, 1967; Silva et al, 1967–1968; Kendall, 1975; Kaminski et al, 2012; reared adults in CPAC, MIZA, and USNM), Thepytus from Vochysiaceae (Silva et al, 2011), Beatheclus from Loranthaceae (Janzen & Hallwachs, 2021; Silva et al, 2011; Uchôa, Caires, Nicácio, & Duarte, 2012), Michaelus from Bignoniaceae and Fabaceae (summarized in Robbins, 2010b; Kaminski et al, 2010; Silva et al, 2011) and Symbiopsis from Fabaceae (Janzen & Hallwachs, 2021; reared vouchers in USNM). In contrast, Parrhasius is polyphagous on Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Malpighiaceae and Malvaceae (Zikán, 1956; Clench, 1961b; Zikán & Zikán, 1968; Maes, Hellebuyck, & Gantier, 1999; Rodrigues, Kaminski, Freitas, & Oliveira, 2010; Janzen & Hallwachs, 2021; vouchers in CPAC, FIOC).…”

“…Females lay eggs in the leaf litter where caterpillars feed (Duarte & Robbins, 2010). The only exception is Mercedes (previously a part of Calycopis ), in which caterpillars eat flowers on the plant (Silva et al, 2011; vouchers in USNM, UWIZM). Mercedes is sister to the remainder of the subtribe in the phylogenetic results.…”

“…Eumaeines are ecologically notable for the diverse array of plants eaten by its caterpillars (e.g., Beccaloni, Viloria, Hall, & Robinson, 2008; Fiedler, 1991; Silva, Duarte, Diniz, & Morais, 2011). Species in genera such as Rekoa Kaye, Strymon Hübner, Pseudolycaena Wallengren and Panthiades Hübner feed on plants in more than a dozen families (e.g., Austin, Miller, & Miller, 2007; Janzen & Hallwachs, 2021; Monteiro, 1991; Robbins, 1991a; Robbins & Nicolay, 2002).…”