Host plant resistance to insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.): achievements and future prospects

Togola, Abou; Boukar, Ousmane; Belko, Nouhoun; Chamarthi, Siva K.; Fatokun, Christian; Tamò, Manuele; Oigiangbe, N. O.

doi:10.1007/s10681-017-2030-1

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…(Fabaceae), is one of the most important food legumes grown on the African continent, as it provides an affordable source of dietary protein (Addo-Quaye et al 2011;Agyeman et al 2014). The grain contains about 25% protein and 64% carbohydrate (FAO, 2004), and provides a source of minerals, vitamins and essential micronutrients (Boukar et al 2013;Togola et al 2017). However, crop yields remain very low, which is mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors including pest insects, diseases, parasitic weeds, drought and low soil fertility (Singh and Jackai 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata

et al. 2020

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Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae), is one of the most important food legumes grown on the African continent, as it provides an affordable source of dietary protein. Yields of cowpea are significantly reduced through damage by legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), caterpillars to flowers, tender leaves and pods. Semiochemical-based strategies are considered as environmentally benign and affordable for pest management, particularly on smallholder farms. In this study, we investigated the importance of cowpea flower volatiles as host location cues for egg-laying M. vitrata, and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as M. vitrata repellents and natural enemy (Apanteles taragamae and Phanerotoma syleptae parasitoid) attractants. In oviposition choice assays, M. vitrata laid more eggs on flowering cowpea plants than non-flowering plants. Coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (GC-EAG) analysis using the antennae of female M. vitrata and an extract of flower volatiles collected by dynamic headspace collection revealed the presence of five EAG-active components that were identified by coupled GCmass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, a vinylbenzaldehyde isomer and (E)cinnamaldehyde. A synthetic blend of the identified compounds, prepared using 3-vinylbenzaldehyde, induced M. vitrata to lay as many eggs on non-flowering cowpea as on flowering plants. The moths also preferred laying eggs on intact plants compared to M. vitrata-infested plants. As the emission of EAG-active floral compounds was determined to be lower in the headspace of infested cowpea flowers, the role of HIPVs emitted by M. vitrata-damaged leaves was also investigated. Of the compounds induced by larval damage, (E)-DMNT, indole, n-hexyl acetate, 1-octen-3-ol and linalool were shown by GC-EAG to possess electrophysiological activity. A synthetic blend of the EAG-active compounds, using racemic 1-octen-3-ol and linalool, significantly reduced egg numbers on flowering cowpea. Larval and egg parasitoids, i.e. A. taragamae and Ph. syleptae, respectively, of M. vitrata both preferred the Ytube olfactometer arm treated with synthetic (E)-DMNT, whereas preference for racemic linalool and (E)-nerolidol was dose-dependent in A. taragamae. Our results provide the platform for the development of future semiochemical-based pest management strategies against M. vitrata on smallholder farms in West Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata

et al. 2020

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“…Plant resistance is the genetically inherited qualities that confer the plant ability to ward off or withstand pest attacks or recover from injury due to a pest [36,37]. This method is the most farmer-friendly pest control option that can significantly reduce stem borer damage when supplemented with other options such as cultural or biological measures.…”

Section: Varietal Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Borers of Cereal Crops in Africa and Their Management

Togola¹,

Boukar²,

Tamò³

et al. 2020

Pests Control and Acarology

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The economic importance of the stem borer in Africa results in their severe damage that affect directly cereal yield factors such as the density of fertile tillers and the number of effective panicles. The objective of this paper is to describe and discuss the management options of the main prevalent stem borer of cereal crops in Africa. Host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological control and reasoning chemical control are among the most encouraging options. Integrated pest management combining several compatible methods was highlighted as the most sustainable control option. This paper will served as support for the current research on cereal crops but also as relevant prospect document for entomologists and breeders from across the world.

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“…), is one of the most important grain legume crops for human and livestock nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It is cited as a major source of protein (20-32%), minerals, and vitamins, including vitamin B group, in the diet of thousands of low-income families in the region (Egho 2010;Boukar et al 2013;Singh 2014;Togola et al 2017). Also, its fodder is a source of quality feed for animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The winged form is less damaging but is responsible for the initial infestation of cowpea fields because of its ability to fly and reach new fields. The adults and nymphs feed on the undersurface of young leaves, stem tissues, growing tips, petioles, flowers, and pods of mature plants by sucking the fluid (Togola et al 2017). Attack by aphid results in stunting, leaf distortion, premature defoliation, and death of seedlings, the most susceptible developmental stage of cowpea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of sources of resistance in cowpea mini core accessions to Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their biochemical characterization

et al. 2020

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) is an important grain legume for human and livestock nutrition, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae), is one of the most widespread and destructive insect pests of cowpea and host-plant resistance is an effective approach to minimize the pest damage at seedling stage. This study was aimed at identifying resistant sources to A. craccivora within the cowpea mini core collection, a set of accessions from the largest world cowpea germplasm collection maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). A total of 375 lines including 373 from IITA mini core collection, one resistant (TVu-801) and one susceptible (TVx-3236) checks were evaluated through artificial infestation in screening cages during the seedling stage. In cages, genotypes were planted in single rows containing four plants. They were arranged in an augmented design in which the two checks were sown in individual cages. Scoring for aphid population and damage levels were carried out on individual plants at 7, 14, and 21 days after planting. Advanced bioassays and biochemical analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanism of resistance to A. craccivora. Overall, three genotypes TVu-6464, TVu-1583, and TVu-15445 showed good levels of resistance comparable to the resistant check TVu-801. The HPLC analyses proved that both low sucrose levels in the plant, as well as high levels of kaempferol and quercetin, aglycones of phenolic compounds, were related with high resistance to aphids. The above genotypes with promising levels of resistance to A. craccivora will be used in cowpea breeding programs to develop improved resistant lines against this pest.

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Host plant resistance to insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.): achievements and future prospects

Cited by 46 publications

References 85 publications

Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata

Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata

Stem Borers of Cereal Crops in Africa and Their Management

Identification of sources of resistance in cowpea mini core accessions to Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their biochemical characterization

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