Host-plant resistance and biopesticides: ingredients for successful integrated pest management (IPM) in Australian sorghum production

Franzmann, B. A.; Hardy, A.; Murray, D. A. H.; Henzell, R. G.

doi:10.1071/ea08071

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…armigera and H . punctigera in Australian cotton [53, 54] and show increasing parasitism with host density at the scale of fields [55]. Similarly, viral and fungal pathogens often show density-dependent spread through fields [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Variation in Landscape Composition May Speed Resistance Evolution of Pests to Bt Crops

et al. 2017

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Transgenic crops that express insecticide genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used worldwide against moth and beetle pests. Because these engineered plants can kill over 95% of susceptible larvae, they can rapidly select for resistance. Here, we use a model for a pyramid two-toxin Bt crop to explore the consequences of spatio-temporal variation in the area of Bt crop and non-Bt refuge habitat. We show that variability over time in the proportion of suitable non-Bt breeding habitat, Q, or in the total area of Bt and suitable non-Bt habitat, K, can increase the overall rate of resistance evolution by causing short-term surges of intense selection. These surges can be exacerbated when temporal variation in Q and/or K cause high larval densities in refuges that increase density-dependent mortality; this will give resistant larvae in Bt fields a relative advantage over susceptible larvae that largely depend on refuges. We address the effects of spatio-temporal variation in a management setting for two bollworm pests of cotton, Helicoverpa armigera and H. punctigera, and field data on landscape crop distributions from Australia. Even a small proportion of Bt fields available to egg-laying females when refuges are sparse may result in high exposure to Bt for just a single generation per year and cause a surge in selection. Therefore, rapid resistance evolution can occur when Bt crops are rare rather than common in the landscape. These results highlight the need to understand spatio-temporal fluctuations in the landscape composition of Bt crops and non-Bt habitats in order to design effective resistance management strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Variation in Landscape Composition May Speed Resistance Evolution of Pests to Bt Crops

et al. 2017

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“…The 213 lodging QTL identified as horizontal segments on each chromosome and colour-coded as follows: lodging QTL that significantly affect leaf senescence (green), lodging QTL that significantly affect plant height (pink), lodging QTL that significantly affect both leaf senescence and plant height (black), QTL did not affect either leaf senescence or plant height (red). Brown vertical bars to the right of each chromosome marked as "LDG" represent the locations of QTL previously detected for lodging (Kebede et al, 2001;Murray et al, 2008;Srinivasa Reddy et al, 2008); the black bars indicate the location of a QTL previously reported for charcoal rot and/or Fusarium stalk rot (Srinivasa Reddy et al, 2008;Adeyanju et al, 2015). The location of genes in the lignin biosynthesis pathways that co-located with lodging QTL detected in this study are highlighted in green to the right of each chromosome, and those that did not co-locate with lodging QTL are highlighted in blue (Bout & Vermerris, 2003;Saballos et al, 2009, 2012, Sattler et al, 2009, Walker et al, 2013, Jun et al, 2017Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Fields Of Research (For) Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While heliothis oviposition may occur during vegetative growth with larvae feeding in the whorl, the pest causes the most damage to production immediately after flowering and over the following four weeks (Passlow et al, 1985) with developing larvae feeding initially on anthers and developing grains (Franzmann et al, 2008). Corn earworm Literature Review nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) is used almost exclusively in controlling corn earworm in sorghum, with the use of synthetic insecticides now on less than 5% of the treated crop area (Franzmann et al, 2008).…”

Section: Insect Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of variable water limited environments on grain sorghum yield and lodging in Australia

Wang¹

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Water availability is the primary constraint to sorghum production worldwide. The crop is grown in water-limited environments of varying extent and timing with water stress during grain filling being common. Varying extent and timing of water availability generates substantial genotype × environment interaction (GEI) for sorghum production, which restricts genetic improvement of grain yield. The objective of this thesis is to better understand sorghum performance under drought conditions and identify potential strategies to improve the rate of genetic gain for grain yield. To better understand the impacts and to deconstruct GEI by removing the confounding effects of flowering time (DTF) and tillering (FTN) on grain yield, linear mixed models were used to evaluate the impacts of DTF and FTN on grain yield of 1741 unique test hybrids. Hybrids were derived from crosses between 1078 elite male parents and 3 female testers and grown in 21 yield testing trials at 15 locations across the major sorghum production regions in Australia in three seasons. DTF made a significant contribution to genetic variation in grain yield of male lines in 14 of the 48 tester/trial combinations, explaining 0.2% to 61.0% variation, and FTN in 12 tester/trial combinations, explaining 1.4% to 56.9% variation. The relationship of DTF and FTN with grain yield of hybrids in the whole dataset was frequently positive, but varied depending on the genetic background of testers and growing environments. However, between trial genetic correlations for grain yield were not significantly improved after accounting for the effects of DTF and FTN using linear models. These results suggests that other genetic factors affecting canopy development dynamics and grain yield might contribute more of the genetic variation in grain yield. It is possible that linear mixed models did not capture the non-linear effects of flowering time and fertile tiller number on yield. One of the consequences of water stress during grain filling is lodging, with major consequences on grain yield and quality. Hence, resistance to lodging has been a major target of selection in sorghum breeding programs in Australia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 commercial hybrids grown in 83 yield testing trials in major sorghum production regions in Australia in 14 seasons to quantify the geographical and seasonal variations in lodging occurrence and severity. Lodging occurred more frequently in Central Highlands and less frequently in Liverpool Plains, in comparison to the overall average across regions. The severity of lodging also varied across regions, with the most severe lodging (>20%) occurring in the Central Highlands and Western Downs. Lockyer Valley was the only region free from lodging. In addition, seasonal patterns of lodging frequency

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“…Chemical pesticides have been used widely to control pests in agriculture for many years with premium efficiency. However, increasing resistance to existing chemical pesticides (Franzmann et al, 2008;Jacobson et al, 2009), increasing concern about the environment and food safety issues, and the desire of farmers to use safer pesticides are all reasons for the interest in biopesticides. The use of biological approaches as alternatives for pest control is the smart choice of modern agriculture towards sustainable agriculture and organic farming practices.…”

Section: Baculovirus Biopesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are the major pests of field crops worldwide and it becomes difficult to control them because of the development of resistance to existing methods of chemical and biological control. In addition to the resistance to existing chemical pesticides, the increasing concern about the environment and food safety issues, and the desire of farmers to use safer pesticides are all reasons for the interest in biopesticides (Franzmann et al, 2008;Jacobson et al, 2009). Hence, the development of a viral biopesticide, as alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides, to control Helicoverpa pest species is potentially of great benefit for agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic study of baculovirus infected insect cells to identify metabolite based strategies for improving virus yields

Tran¹

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The baculovirus insect cell system has been used widely for biopesticide applications and for the production of recombinant proteins, vaccines and vectors for gene delivery. To be commercially viable, especially for the low margin applications of biopesticides and veterinary vaccines, the yield of this production system needs to be improved. One of the important approaches is the infection of insect cell cultures at high cell densities in order to maximize volumetric production. However, the cell specific yield gradually reduces with increasing infection cell density (ICD). As a result, the volumetric production can not improve further regardless of efforts to increase the uninfected cell density in batch or fedbatch cultures. The phenomenon known as "the cell density effect" appears not only during the late stage of protein production, but also during the early stage of virus replication and transcription. Discovering the changes in intra and extracellular metabolites between low and high ICDs may reveal evidence for improving yields. This PhD thesis focuses on the development of an intracellular metabolite extraction protocol for infected insect cell cultures and for measuring intra and extracellular metabolites of infected cells of different baculovirus infected insect cell systems.Prior to analyzing the intracellular metabolites of low and high ICDs, an extraction protocol was developed and validated for insect cell cultures, especially infected insect cells. The ice-cold saline quenching solution developed for mammalian cells did not work well for insect cells, especially for infected cultures. Therefore, a modification of the quenching solution was made by an addition of 0.2% Pluronic® F-68 that successfully protected the cell membrane during quenching and washing procedures. In addition, one wash was found to be enough for removal of medium originated metabolites adhering on the surface of cell membranes. The ATP recovery (over the direct extract) of the extraction protocol using ice-cold saline quenching solution plus 0.2% Pluronic® F-68 after one wash was almost 90% for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with a recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (rAcMNPV) and Helicoverpa zea (HzAM1) cells infected with a wild-type Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) at 24 hours post infection (hpi).The intracellular metabolite patterns and substrate consumption rates of low versus high ICDs was first investigated for the Sf9/rAcMNPV system in Sf900™III medium. A preliminary study was conducted to identify how late post-infection the cell membrane integrity was maintained during the quenching and washing processes. The result showed that the extraction protocol is efficient up to 48 hpi for infected Sf9 cells. Levels of intracellular nucleotides (tri-phosphates), amino acids (AA), and TCA cycle intermediates iii (α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate) during an infection at a low ICD (2×10 6 cells/mL) were shown to be higher than those during an infection at a high...

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Host-plant resistance and biopesticides: ingredients for successful integrated pest management (IPM) in Australian sorghum production

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Spatio-Temporal Variation in Landscape Composition May Speed Resistance Evolution of Pests to Bt Crops

Spatio-Temporal Variation in Landscape Composition May Speed Resistance Evolution of Pests to Bt Crops

Impact of variable water limited environments on grain sorghum yield and lodging in Australia

Metabolomic study of baculovirus infected insect cells to identify metabolite based strategies for improving virus yields

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