Host plant location by chemotaxis in an aquatic beetle

Röder, Grégory; Mota, Matteo; Turlings, Ted C. J.

doi:10.1007/s00027-016-0498-8

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The most basic version of SAE is the common solid–liquid extraction, which in turn is the most utilized of the SAE methods for VOC extraction [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. The extraction effectiveness is variable according to the sample itself and the correct selection of the solvent, and for VOCs, the low polarity organic solvents such as hexane, pentane and dichloromethane are preferred.…”

Section: Tools For Sampling Semiochemicals To Study Insect Interacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a stirring-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) can be performed on solvents with low VOC concentrations and then the volatile compounds can be recovered using a more affined solvent with successive washing/storing cycles. This method has been shown to be effective in the concentration of VOCs recovered from water and involved in the relationship between plants of Potamogeton perfoliatus and Myriophyllum spicatum and the aquatic beetle Macroplea appendiculata ; the concentration of the VOCs in the original extract would be problematic for analysis and difficult to recover using other techniques [26]. Additionally, solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) is a vacuum distillation that allows VOCs to separate from nonvolatile substances in the original extract, with successful utilization in the preconcentration of VOCs from insects [30].…”

Section: Tools For Sampling Semiochemicals To Study Insect Interacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The employment of GC-MS has been reported in several studies such as the characterization of essential oils (some of them having activity on insects) [99,106], metabolic profiling of plant VOCs emitted under different conditions [107,108,109], characterization of natural products with insect-repellency [110]. In addition, GC-MS has been also used for the investigation of plant VOCs related to some insects of interest such as pollinators [98,111], phytophages [101,112], parasitoids [37,113], hosts [26] or vectors [67]. The study of VOCs emitted by insects has also required GC-MS analysis [27,28,30,46,114].…”

Section: Instrumental Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tools in the Investigation of Volatile Semiochemicals on Insects: From Sampling to Statistical Analysis

Barbosa-Cornelio

Cantor

Coy-Barrera

et al. 2019

Insects

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The recognition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) involved in insect interactions with plants or other organisms is essential for constructing a holistic comprehension of their role in ecology, from which the implementation of new strategies for pest and disease vector control as well as the systematic exploitation of pollinators and natural enemies can be developed. In the present paper, some of the general methods employed in this field are examined, focusing on their available technologies. An important part of the investigations conducted in this context begin with VOC collection directly from host organisms, using classical extraction methods, by the employment of adsorption materials used in solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and direct-contact sorptive extraction (DCSE) and, subsequently, analysis through instrumental analysis techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), which provide crucial information for determining the chemical identity of volatile metabolites. Behavioral experiments, electroantennography (EAG), and biosensors are then carried out to define the semiochemicals with the best potential for performing relevant functions in ecological relationships. Chemical synthesis of biologically-active VOCs is alternatively performed to scale up the amount to be used in different purposes such as laboratory or field evaluations. Finally, the application of statistical analysis provides tools for drawing conclusions about the type of correlations existing between the diverse experimental variables and data matrices, thus generating models that simplify the interpretation of the biological roles of VOCs.

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Section: Tools For Sampling Semiochemicals To Study Insect Interacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tools For Sampling Semiochemicals To Study Insect Interacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tools in the Investigation of Volatile Semiochemicals on Insects: From Sampling to Statistical Analysis

Barbosa-Cornelio

Cantor

Coy-Barrera

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…However, visual cues are essential for certain herbivorous insects (Stenberg & Ericson, 2007), and odours sometimes only enhance the insect response to visual cues (Patt & Sétamou, 2007). Aquatic insects appear to rely highly on visual cues (Reeves, Lorch, & Kershner, 2009), yet chemical signals should not be excluded (Röder, Mota, & Turlings, 2017). These examples all suggest a tight coevolution of the insect behaviour to its host plant cues, either visual or odorous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating on a chemical radar: Usage of root exudates by foragingDiabrotica virgifera virgiferalarvae

Schumann

Ladin

Beatens

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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In the darkness of the soil matrix, the larva of the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte relies on chemical cues to locate and accept its host plant roots. For almost 40 years, entomologists and chemical ecologists have tackled the challenge of isolating and identifying active chemical compounds emitted by host plant roots (most of the research has been conducted on maize Zea mays L.) and used by the foraging insect pest larvae. A number of molecules of interest have been documented but have so far only been implemented with little success in the current arms race to manage WCR (and soil‐dwelling pests). An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the insect foraging behaviour is certainly critical to the development of highly effective and sustainable pest control strategies. This contribution reviews the progress and highlights the gaps in our current knowledge on the chemical ecology of WCR larvae. An individual‐based model of the larval behaviour in response to root volatiles has been developed based on data from the literature. It also proposes avenues (tested or theoretical) to eventually implement this knowledge in integrated pest management of this major maize pest, a critical approach as WCR has evolved resistance to several control strategies.

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“…We thus fed larvae ad libitum to fish food 156 before testing their responses to each of the seven 157 chemosensory cues ( Fig 2B). Fed larvae showed no 158 significant attraction to food (n=57, p=1), food ex-159 tract (n=19, p=1), and RNA (n=20, p=1), support- We hypothesized that larval aggregation near attrac-177 tive cues such as food is mediated by chemo-klino-taxis 178 -a common form of directed motion observed in many 179 animals and microbes [32,33,34]. In chemo-klino- (Table 195 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Computational and experimental insights into the chemosensory navigation ofAedes aegyptimosquito larvae

Lutz

Grewal

Riffell

2019

Preprint

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Mosquitoes are prolific disease vectors that affect public health around the world. Although many studies have investigated search strategies used by host-seeking adult mosquitoes, little is known about larval search behavior. Larval behavior affects adult body size and fecundity, and thus the capacity of individual mosquitoes to find hosts and transmit disease. Understanding vector survival at all life stages is crucial for improving disease control. In this study we use experimental and computational methods to investigate the chemical ecology and search behavior of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. We show that larvae do not respond to several olfactory cues used by adult Ae. aegypti to assess larval habitat quality, but perceive microbial RNA as a potent foraging attractant. Second, we demonstrate that Ae. aegypti larvae use a strategy consistent with chemokinesis, rather than chemotaxis, to navigate chemical gradients. Using computational modeling, we further show that chemokinesis is more efficient than chemotaxis for avoiding repellents in ecologically relevant larval habitat sizes. Finally, we use experimental observations and computational analyses to demonstrate that larvae respond to starvation pressure by optimizing exploration behavior. Our results identify key characteristics of foraging behavior in a disease vector mosquito, including the identification of a surprising foraging attractant and an unusual behavioral mechanism for chemosensory preference. In addition to implications for better understanding and control of disease vectors, this work establishes mosquito larvae as a tractable model for chemosensory behavior and navigation.as the evolutionary adaptations for these systems in 43 synanthropic environments. 44In this work, we investigate larval Ae. aegypti be-45 havior from a chemical ecological and search theory 46 perspective. First, we explore the chemosensory cues 47 involved in larval foraging. Although many olfactory 48 cues are used by adult females to select oviposition 49 sites [18], it is unclear if larvae and adults use the same 50 chemicals to assess larval habitat quality. Second, we 51 consider larval search behavior in spatially restricted 52 environments using empirical data and computational 53 modeling. Our work identifies the functional loss of 54 chemotaxis in foraging larvae -a fascinating example 55 of how environmental restrictions can drive the evo-56 lution of animal behavior. We further identify micro-57 bial RNA as a potent and unusual larval foraging at-58 tractant.Together, our results identify Ae. aegypti lar-59 vae as an exciting outlier in biological search theory, 60 and highlights the importance of investigating synan-61 thropic disease vectors at all life history stages. 62 Results 63 Effects of sex, physiological state, and circadian timing 64 on larval physiology 65 Behavioral experiments in insects have demonstrated 66 the importance of circadian timing, starvation, and age 67 [19]. However, little is known about the effects of these 68 variables on Ae. ae...

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Host plant location by chemotaxis in an aquatic beetle

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Tools in the Investigation of Volatile Semiochemicals on Insects: From Sampling to Statistical Analysis

Tools in the Investigation of Volatile Semiochemicals on Insects: From Sampling to Statistical Analysis

Navigating on a chemical radar: Usage of root exudates by foragingDiabrotica virgifera virgiferalarvae

Computational and experimental insights into the chemosensory navigation ofAedes aegyptimosquito larvae

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