Host–Pathogen Interactions in Streptococcal Immune Sequelae

Nitsche-Schmitz, D. Patric; Chhatwal, Gursharan S.

doi:10.1007/82_2012_296

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) causes infections in the pharynx and skin, as well as acute rheumatic fever and bacteremia favored by its ability of adding platelets, internalizing in the human endothelium [4,5]. S. constellatus subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Chiapas, Mexico

Gutiérrez-Jiménez

Mendoza-Orozco

Vicente-Serrano

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Among beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes causes a wide variety of human disease including pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic syndrome. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) uses a variety of virulence traits to colonize and then cause damage to the host; others species of beta-hemolytic streptococci are considered as emerging pathogens for humans. Despite its recognized virulence, only few studies have investigated virulence factors of GAS strains isolated in Mexico. Methodology: We conducted an epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of GAS strains in child illnesses in Chiapas Mexico. Virulence genes encoding proteases, DNases, superantigens, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics were investigated. Results: During 2010, 2013 and 2014, beta-hemolytic streptococci (N=12) were isolated from cases of bacterial infections including pharyngitis and bacteremia, with a prevalence of 0.42, 0.04 and 0.20%, respectively. S. pyogenes was the most frequent species (33%) followed by S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (25%, each). Most GAS strains encoded genes for proteases: scpA, speB, spyCEP and mac (75%), followed by sdaD and sdaB (DNases) (50%), speA and speG (superantigens; 50 and 25%, respectively). The scpA gene was amplified in all S. agalactiae strains and in 35% of SDSE strains. Strains were all susceptible to beta-lactams, cephalosporins and quinolones. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence on the epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococci infecting children at the southeast Mexico, their virulence traits and sensitivity to first-line antibiotics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Chiapas, Mexico

Gutiérrez-Jiménez

Mendoza-Orozco

Vicente-Serrano

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…S. pyogenes is pathogenic in humans, causing a variety of diseases. This spectrum of diseases ranges from pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and suppurative skin and soft tissue infections to severe invasive infections and immune sequelae (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors That Cause Trimethoprim Resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes

Bergmann

Linden

Chhatwal

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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bThe use of trimethoprim in treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infections has long been discouraged because it has been widely believed that this pathogen is resistant to this antibiotic. To gain more insight into the extent and molecular basis of trimethoprim resistance in S. pyogenes, we tested isolates from India and Germany and sought the factors that conferred the resistance. Resistant isolates were identified in tests for trimethoprim or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) susceptibility. Resistant isolates were screened for the known horizontally transferable trimethoprim-insensitive dihydrofolate reductase (dfr) genes dfrG, dfrF, dfrA, dfrD, and dfrK. The nucleotide sequence of the intrinsic dfr gene was determined for resistant isolates lacking the horizontally transferable genes. Based on tentative criteria, 69 out of 268 isolates (25.7%) from India were resistant to trimethoprim. Occurring in 42 of the 69 resistant isolates (60.9%), dfrF appeared more frequently than dfrG (23 isolates; 33.3%) in India. The dfrF gene was also present in a collection of SXT-resistant isolates from Germany, in which it was the only detected trimethoprim resistance factor. The dfrF gene caused resistance in 4 out of 5 trimethoprim-resistant isolates from the German collection. An amino acid substitution in the intrinsic dihydrofolate reductase known from trimethoprim-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae conferred resistance to S. pyogenes isolates of emm type 102.2, which lacked other aforementioned dfr genes. Trimethoprim may be more useful in treatment of S. pyogenes infections than previously thought. However, the factors described herein may lead to the rapid development and spread of resistance of S. pyogenes to this antibiotic agent.

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“…Given the patint's persistent rash, arthralgia, Jaccoud arthropathy, rheumatic mitral valve disease and raised ASOT titres, we suspect he also has poststreptococcal rheumatic disease. Patients with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease have been found to have elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL‐2, and upregulation of the relevant receptors . Given the dramatic responses observed in patints with NUD treated with anakinra, an IL‐1 blocker, it is thought that IL‐1 dysregulation and pathological activation of the inflammasome are central to the pathogenesis of this disorder …”

Section: Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis: a novel association with poststreptococcal rheumatic disease

et al. 2017

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Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis (NUD), a particular clinical and histological entity, can provide a strong pointer to underlying systemic disease, most frequently rheumatological diseases. We report the first case of NUD in association with a post-streptococcal rheumatic disease, with symptoms including recurrent sore throat, raised antistreptolysin O titre, persistent transient urticaria, polyarthralgia, rheumatic mitral valve disease and Jaccoud arthropathy. Histologically, NUD is characterized by an intense superficial and deep neutrophilic interstitial and perivascular infiltrate, without significant oedema or blood vessel damage. These neutrophils may have a tendency to concentrate along the basement membrane and extend into the epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands (a feature termed 'neutrophilic epitheliotropism'). Clinicians should remain cognizant of NUD, and in particular its frequent association with an underlying inflammatory disorder.

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Host–Pathogen Interactions in Streptococcal Immune Sequelae

Abstract: CitationHost-pathogen interactions in streptococcal immune sequelae. 2013, 368:155-71 Curr. Top. Microbiol.Immunol.

Cited by 13 publications

References 103 publications

Virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Chiapas, Mexico

Virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Chiapas, Mexico

Factors That Cause Trimethoprim Resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes

Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis: a novel association with poststreptococcal rheumatic disease

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