Host–pathogen evolutionary signatures reveal dynamics and future invasions of vampire bat rabies

Streicker, Daniel G.; Winternitz, Jamie; Satterfield, Dara A.; Condori-Condori, Rene Edgar; Broos, Alice; Tello, Carlos; Recuenco, Sergio; Velasco-Villa, Andrés; Altizer, Sonia; Valderrama, William

doi:10.1073/pnas.1606587113

Cited by 120 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Subadults could also experience greater exposure to hemoplasmas if vectors are more attracted to younger bats [85] or if vampire bat hemoplasmas are transmitted vertically [86]. Unlike with feline and canine hemoplasmas [87,88], the odds of infection did not vary by sex, suggesting sex-biased parasitism may not occur with vampire bat hemoplasmas despite males playing a key role in the spatial dynamics of vampire bat rabies [46]. More extensive sampling of vampire bats over time, alongside infection trials, is necessary to elucidate the transmission routes of these hemoplasmas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats

et al. 2017

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Bats (Order: Chiroptera) have been widely studied as reservoir hosts for viruses of concern for human and animal health. However, whether bats are equally competent hosts of non-viral pathogens such as bacteria remains an important open question. Here, we surveyed blood and saliva samples of vampire bats from Peru and Belize for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas), bacteria that can cause inapparent infection or anemia in hosts. 16S rRNA gene amplification of blood showed 67% (150/223) of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) were infected by hemoplasmas. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed three novel genotypes that were phylogenetically related but not identical to hemoplasmas described from other (non-vampire) bat species, rodents, humans, and non-human primates. Hemoplasma prevalence in vampire bats was highest in non-reproductive and young individuals, did not differ by country, and was relatively stable over time (i.e., endemic). Metagenomics from pooled D. rotundus saliva from Peru detected non-hemotropic Mycoplasma species and hemoplasma genotypes phylogenetically similar to those identified in blood, providing indirect evidence for potential direct transmission of hemoplasmas through biting or social contacts. This study demonstrates vampire bats host several novel hemoplasmas and sheds light on risk factors for infection and basic transmission routes. Given the high frequency of direct contacts that arise when vampire bats feed on humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, the potential of these bacteria to be transmitted between species should be investigated in future work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats

et al. 2017

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“…While a growing body of empirical work links disease dynamics to landscape genetics and genomics data (Kamath et al., , ), limited mechanistic work exists (but see Lane‐deGraaf et al., ; Rees et al., ). Since the relative importance of local and long‐distance processes is often unknown for pathogen transmission in wildlife, landscape genetic approaches like isolation by distance and spatial assignment can provide important information about levels of connectivity between different populations, and thus provide inferences about rates of migration and dispersal (Storfer, Murphy, Spear, Holderegger, & Waits, ; Streicker et al., ). Such techniques have been used to investigate host–pathogen systems like plague in rats and prairie dogs, chronic wasting disease in mule deer, and rabies or bTB in raccoons and Virginia possums (Brouat et al., ; Hennessy et al., ; Powell et al., ; Rioux Paquette, Talbot, Garant, Mainguy, & Pelletier, ).…”

Section: Future Directions: Addressing Global Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic, spatial models of parasite transmission in wildlife: Their structure, applications and remaining challenges

White

Forester

Craft

2017

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Individual differences in contact rate can arise from host, group and landscape heterogeneity and can result in different patterns of spatial spread for diseases in wildlife populations with concomitant implications for disease control in wildlife of conservation concern, livestock and humans. While dynamic disease models can provide a better understanding of the drivers of spatial spread, the effects of landscape heterogeneity have only been modelled in a few well-studied wildlife systems such as rabies and bovine tuberculosis. Such spatial models tend to be either purely theoretical with intrinsic limiting assumptions or individual-based models that are often highly species- and system-specific, limiting the breadth of their utility. Our goal was to review studies that have utilized dynamic, spatial models to answer questions about pathogen transmission in wildlife and identify key gaps in the literature. We begin by providing an overview of the main types of dynamic, spatial models (e.g., metapopulation, network, lattice, cellular automata, individual-based and continuous-space) and their relation to each other. We investigate different types of ecological questions that these models have been used to explore: pathogen invasion dynamics and range expansion, spatial heterogeneity and pathogen persistence, the implications of management and intervention strategies and the role of evolution in host-pathogen dynamics. We reviewed 168 studies that consider pathogen transmission in free-ranging wildlife and classify them by the model type employed, the focal host-pathogen system, and their overall research themes and motivation. We observed a significant focus on mammalian hosts, a few well-studied or purely theoretical pathogen systems, and a lack of studies occurring at the wildlife-public health or wildlife-livestock interfaces. Finally, we discuss challenges and future directions in the context of unprecedented human-mediated environmental change. Spatial models may provide new insights into understanding, for example, how global warming and habitat disturbance contribute to disease maintenance and emergence. Moving forward, better integration of dynamic, spatial disease models with approaches from movement ecology, landscape genetics/genomics and ecoimmunology may provide new avenues for investigation and aid in the control of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases.

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“…Further, viruses are prominent emerging pathogens and have relatively small genomes, aiding whole genome‐analysis. Landscape effects on viral transmission are typically studied using phylogenetic approaches (Fountain‐Jones, Craft et al., ; Joannon, Lavigne, Lecoq, & Desbiez, ; Streicker et al., ; Young et al., ). To date, pathogens with larger and more slowly mutating genomes, such as protozoans (Carrel et al., ; Lo et al., ) and fungi (Brar et al., ; Rieux, De Bellaire, Zapater, Ravigne, & Carlier, ), have been studied using population genetics‐based methods with highly variable microsatellite and SNP loci.…”

Section: Current Applications Of Landscape Genetics In Disease Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens in space: Advancing understanding of pathogen dynamics and disease ecology through landscape genetics

Kozakiewicz

Burridge

Funk

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Landscape genetics has provided many insights into how heterogeneous landscape features drive processes influencing spatial genetic variation in free‐living organisms. This rapidly developing field has focused heavily on vertebrates, and expansion of this scope to the study of infectious diseases holds great potential for landscape geneticists and disease ecologists alike. The potential application of landscape genetics to infectious agents has garnered attention at formative stages in the development of landscape genetics, but systematic examination is lacking. We comprehensively review how landscape genetics is being used to better understand pathogen dynamics. We characterize the field and evaluate the types of questions addressed, approaches used and systems studied. We also review the now established landscape genetic methods and their realized and potential applications to disease ecology. Lastly, we identify emerging frontiers in the landscape genetic study of infectious agents, including recent phylogeographic approaches and frameworks for studying complex multihost and host‐vector systems. Our review emphasizes the expanding utility of landscape genetic methods available for elucidating key pathogen dynamics (particularly transmission and spread) and also how landscape genetic studies of pathogens can provide insight into host population dynamics. Through this review, we convey how increasing awareness of the complementarity of landscape genetics and disease ecology among practitioners of each field promises to drive important cross‐disciplinary advances.

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Host–pathogen evolutionary signatures reveal dynamics and future invasions of vampire bat rabies

Cited by 120 publications

References 38 publications

Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats

Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats

Dynamic, spatial models of parasite transmission in wildlife: Their structure, applications and remaining challenges

Pathogens in space: Advancing understanding of pathogen dynamics and disease ecology through landscape genetics

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