Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency of<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>and<i>Giardia lamblia</i>in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

Machado, Eleuza Rodrigues; Matos, Núbia Oliveira; Rezende, Sinione Morais; Carlos, Daniela; Silva, Thauana Cristina; Rodrigues, Leônia; Almeida, Maria Jarlene Rodrigues; Oliveira, Maria Regina Fernandes de; Muniz‐Junqueira, Maria Imaculada; Gurgel-Gonçalves, Rodrigo

doi:10.1155/2018/4238435

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, some scholars [ 39 , 40 ] found that diabetes mellitus (T1DM + T2DM) patients have a lower probability of intestinal parasitosis. Previously, Akinbo FO et al [ 35 ] and Machado ER et al [ 41 ] studies stated that the frequency of IPIs is lower in T1DM compared to T2DM individuals, which are of potential interest in the interpretation of the findings of Tangi FB et al [ 39 ] and Nazligul Y et al studies [ 40 ]. The variation between our findings and other studies outcomes may be attributed to differences in sample size; study population, area, and season; detected parasites; and diabetic management protocol, which are known confounding factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, S. haematobium , S. mansoni , H. nana , Cryptosporidium spp., and E. histolytica compromised the identified parasites, with considerably higher prevalences in diabetic individuals. Notably, those parasites are commonly detected in diabetic patients [ 33 – 41 ]. The previous studies were also reported a high frequency of H. nana, Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Almugadam

Ibrahim²,

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Globally, urogenital and intestinal parasitosis remain significant health challenges. They are associated with rising morbidity, death, and many harmful outcomes. A little is known concerning parasitosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study planned to investigate the urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections among type 2 diabetes patients compare to non-diabetic (Control) individuals and examine the intensity of helminthiasis in both groups. Methods At Kosti Teaching Hospital (Sudan), 300 Urine and 300 stool samples have collected from 150 type 2 diabetes and 150 control individuals, along with the socio-demographic data using a structured questionnaire. The parasitic infections were examined by direct sedimentation technique for urine specimens. Whereas, for fecal samples, simple-direct saline, formal-ether concentration, Kato-Katz, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques were used. Results Out of 150 type 2 diabetes patients studied, 31 (20.6%) and 14 (9.3%) had intestinal parasitosis and urogenital schistosomiasis, respectively. Whereas, 16 (10.6%) and 8 (5.3%) of the control group were infected, respectively. Compared to the control group, the odds of testing positive for either urogenital schistosomiasis (AOR: 2.548, 95% CI: 0.836–7.761, P = 0.100) or intestinal parasitic diseases (AOR: 2.099, 95% CI: 0.973–4.531, P = 0.059) were greater in diabetic individuals. Likewise, the intensities of helminthiasis were much higher in the diabetic patients and positively correlated with the duration of illness. The rate of urogenital schistosomiasis was also significantly different among the disease duration subcategories. Conclusions Our study has highlighted the relationship of type 2 diabetes with urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections and enhanced our knowledge about the frequency of particular urogenital and intestinal parasites as well as the intensity of helminths infection in type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals, which are important for further studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Almugadam

Ibrahim²,

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Current evidence about the relationship between pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes and COVID-19 are limited and further research is still needed. (280,282,283), and Giardia lamblia (283). Interestingly, diabetic patients who were treated with metformin had less P. falciparum infections compared to untreated patients (276).…”

Section: Coronaviruses (Cov)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Patients with T2DM have an elevated risk of infection with Plasmodium falciparum ( 276 ), Toxoplasma gondii ( 277 ), Opisthorchis viverrini ( 278 ), Strongyloides stercoralis ( 279 ), Cryptosporidium parvum ( 280 ), Blastocystis hominis ( 281 ), Ascaris lumbricoides ( 280 , 282 , 283 ), and Giardia lamblia ( 283 ). Interestingly, diabetic patients who were treated with metformin had less P. falciparum infections compared to untreated patients ( 276 ).…”

Section: Effects Of T2dm On the Susceptibility Of Patients To Infectimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System

et al. 2020

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Metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance and obesity play key roles in the induction and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The field of immunometabolism implies a bidirectional link between the immune system and metabolism, in which inflammation plays an essential role in the promotion of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity and T2DM), and metabolic factors, in turn, regulate immune cell functions. Obesity as the main inducer of a systemic low-level inflammation is a main susceptibility factor for T2DM. Obesity-related immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress promote metabolic impairments in the insulin-sensitive tissues and finally, insulin resistance, organ failure, and premature aging occur. Hyperglycemia and the subsequent inflammation are the main causes of micro-and macroangiopathies in the circulatory system. They also promote the gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and fatty liver disease. The impaired immune system together with metabolic imbalance also increases the susceptibility of patients to several pathogenic agents such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, the need for a proper immunization protocol among such patients is granted. The focus of the current review is to explore metabolic and immunological abnormalities affecting several organs of T2DM patients and explain the mechanisms, whereby diabetic patients become more susceptible to infectious diseases.

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“…A few studies of parasitic infection among people with diabetes have been reported to date [6]. These studies suggest that DM is significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites or common intestinal parasites, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, and Opisthorchis viverrini [7][8][9]. Thailand has a rapidly increasing prevalence of type 2 DM (T2DM) [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

Popruk

Prasongwattana²,

Mahittikorn

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an increasing prevalence. DM increases the risk of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. We examined the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in patients with and without DM in central Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires were obtained from 130 people in the DM group and 100 people in the non-DM group. Blastocystis infection was identified via a nested polymerase chain reaction and subtyped via sequencing of the partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Analysis of potential risk factors was conducted via binary logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 10.8%, including rates of 9% and 12.3% in the non-DM and DM groups, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was ST3, followed by ST1, and ST4. Factors that potentially increased the risk of Blastocystis infection include patients being >65 years old, the presence of DM, a DM duration of ≥10 years, a low level of education, and animal ownership. In conclusion, this is the first study of Blastocystis infection in DM, and a high prevalence was found among this population. Therefore, health education promoting sanitation and hygiene is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.

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Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency ofAscaris lumbricoidesandGiardia lambliain Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

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