Host–microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease

Caruso, Roberta; Lo, Bernard C.; Núñez, Gabriel

doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0268-7

Cited by 493 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…Thereby, N -acyl-3-hydroxyglycines signal through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) G2A/132 and suppress proinflammatory immune responses [ 47 ]. To avoid unwanted inflammatory responses to the symbiotic microorganism, the host has developed strategies to reduce contact between the immune system and microorganisms [ 48 ]. These firewalls include the mucous separating the microorganism from the epithelial layer sealed by tight junctions [ 49 ], production of antimicrobial peptides by Paneth cells [ 50 ], macrophages located beneath the epithelium to ingest and destroy breaching (pathogenic) bacteria [ 51 ], and production of IgA [ 52 ].…”

Section: The Intestine As a Critical Firewall For Microbial Metabolitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbial metabolites in human metabolism and type 2 diabetes

Herrema

Niess

2020

Diabetologia

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Humans with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have an altered gut microbiome. Emerging evidence indicates that it is not only the microorganisms and their structural components, but also their metabolites that influences the host and contributes to the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss some of the mechanisms underlying how microbial metabolites are recognised by the host or are further processed endogenously in the context of type 2 diabetes. We discuss the possibility that gut-derived microbial metabolites fuel the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

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Section: The Intestine As a Critical Firewall For Microbial Metabolitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbial metabolites in human metabolism and type 2 diabetes

Herrema

Niess

2020

Diabetologia

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“…This suggests there may be a relationship between improving the GI tract through beneficial commensal bacteria while simultaneously improving bacteria OTUs residing in the oral cavity [45]. While we cannot assume that saliva mirrors the human gut microbiome entirely, some studies suggest a shift in saliva microbial profiles may be reflective of a shift in gut microbiota profiles, especially with the supplementation of probiotics [46][47][48]. Studies show increased inflammatory responses due to oral cavity diseases that cause pernicious shifts in bacterial colony composition in both the oral cavity and the intestines.…”

Section: Oral-gut Relationship In Ibd Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link between Oral and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Synopsis of Potential Salivary Biomarkers

et al. 2020

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The objective of this review is to provide recent evidence for the oral–gut axis connection and to discuss gastrointestinal (GI) immune response, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, and potential salivary biomarkers for determining GI health. IBD affects an estimated 1.3% of the US adult population. While genetic predisposition and environment play a role, abnormal immune activity and microbiota dysbiosis within the gastrointestinal tract are also linked in IBD pathogenesis. It has been inferred that a reduced overall richness of bacterial species as well as colonization of opportunistic bacteria induce systemic inflammation in the GI tract. Currently, there is supporting evidence that both oral and gut microbiota may be related to the development of IBD. Despite this, there are currently no curative therapies for IBD, and diagnosis requires samples of blood, stool, and invasive diagnostic imaging techniques. Considering the relative ease of collection, emerging evidence of association with non-oral diseases may imply that saliva microbiome research may have the potential for gut diagnostic or prognostic value. This review demonstrates a link between saliva and intestinal profiles in IBD patients, suggesting that saliva sampling has the potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker for gut diseases such as IBD in the oral–gut axis.

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“…Despite these challenges, there have been pivotal advances in the oncology 75 and IBD disciplines, 76 where microbiome research has taken a more mechanistic approach beyond correlative descriptions. In fact, the gut microbiome is increasingly recognised for its influence on cancer and response to cancer therapy.…”

Section: Advances In Microbiome Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome in rheumatology: Where are we and where should we go?

2020

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From birth, humans coexist and coevolve with trillions of micro-organisms inhabiting most body surfaces and cavities, referred to as the human microbiome. Advances in sequencing technologies and computational methods have propelled the exploration of the microbiome’s contribution to human health and disease, spearheaded by massive efforts such as the Human Microbiome Project and the Europe-based MetaHit Consortium. Yet, despite the accumulated body of literature and a growing awareness among patients, microbiome research in rheumatology has not had a key impact on clinical practice. Herein, we describe some of the landmark microbiome studies in autoimmunity and rheumatology, the challenges and opportunities of microbiome research and how to navigate them, advances in related fields that have overcome these pitfalls, and future directions of harnessing the microbiome for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

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Host–microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease

Cited by 493 publications

References 212 publications

Intestinal microbial metabolites in human metabolism and type 2 diabetes

Intestinal microbial metabolites in human metabolism and type 2 diabetes

The Link between Oral and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Synopsis of Potential Salivary Biomarkers

The microbiome in rheumatology: Where are we and where should we go?

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