Host-Microbe Communication within the GI Tract

Allen, Christopher A.; Torres, Alfredo G.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09550-9_8

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Tolerance to these is conferred by specialized dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. In addition, secretion of IgA provides additional protection against dietary antigens (36,37). Any aberration in the induction of tolerance during early infancy either due to infection, inflammation, or genetic factors could trigger an immune response that could be stimulated by repeated exposure to the antigen in later life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Milk Consumers Have an Increased Risk of Folate Receptor Blocking Autoantibody Production but This Does Not Affect Folate Status in Spanish Men and Women

Berrocal-Zaragoza

Murphy

Ceruelo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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Folate receptor (FR)-blocking autoantibodies (FR-autoantibodies) have been reported in women with neural tube defect-affected pregnancies and subfertility and in children with progressive neurodevelopment disorders. We investigated their prevalence and association with folate status and milk intake in adults unexposed to folic acid fortification. A cross-sectional study of a randomly selected representative sample of a Spanish population (aged 18-75 y) stratified by age and gender was performed. Plasma and red cell folate, plasma cobalamin, fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and FR-autoantibody titer were determined in blood samples from 787 fasting participants. Lifestyle data were collected and milk intake estimated from a 3-d dietary record. FR-autoantibody prevalence was 7.2% [0.30 +/- 0.27 nmol (mean +/- SD) FR blocked/L], equally affecting men and women of all ages. Plasma and red cell folate and tHcy did not differ between carriers and noncarriers of FR-autoantibodies. Milk intake was higher in carriers (225 +/- 199 g/d) than in noncarriers (199 +/- 147 g/d) (P < 0.01). The risk of having FR-autoantibodies increased progressively with increasing quintile of milk intake and was significant in the highest quintile (> or =307 g/d) compared with the lowest (< or =67 g/d) [odds ratio (OR), 2.41 [95% CI: 1.02, 5.69]; P < 0.05; linear trend, P = 0.02]. We concluded that FR-autoantibodies occur in men and women of all ages and do not affect indicators of folate status such as plasma and red cell folate and tHcy. Higher milk intake is associated with increased risk of having FR-autoantibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Milk Consumers Have an Increased Risk of Folate Receptor Blocking Autoantibody Production but This Does Not Affect Folate Status in Spanish Men and Women

Berrocal-Zaragoza

Murphy

Ceruelo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…This complex habitat harbors around 1kg of commensal microbes that include more than 3 million of genes (5-20). A complex and mutualistic symbiosis regulates the relationship between the host and the gut microbiota (13,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Unfavorable perturbation of microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, has been associated to chronic, and perhaps also systemic, immune disorders of the gut, such as in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and other gastrointestinal disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome and even gastric and colon cancer (16, [34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus clausii and gut homeostasis: state of the art and future perspectives

Lopetuso

Scaldaferri

Franceschi

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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The application of preparations containing B. clausii in the treatment or prevention of gut phisiology impairment has been largely supported in the last years and has driven its clinical applications. This review focuses on B. clausii clinical applications and speculates on the possible interactions among B. clausii, gut barrier and immune system and on the consequences of this interplay in modulating human health. Expert commentary: Its favorable effects have been linked to several properties, such as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity, regulation of cell growth and differentiation, cell-cell signaling, cell adhesion, signal transcription and transduction, production of vitamins and gut protection from genotoxic agents. In this scenario, future studies will need to better clarify its mechanisms of action and focus on the possible role of B. clausii in modulating gut immune system.

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“…This microbial community has an extensive impact on host metabolism with important implications for health (1)(2)(3). The contribution of the gut microbiota to energy harvest from the diet and to fat storage constitutes a key beneficial trait that underlies host-microbiota symbiosis in mammals (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diet-Induced Alterations of Host Cholesterol Metabolism Are Likely To Affect the Gut Microbiota Composition in Hamsters

Martínez

Perdicaro

Brown

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

187

122

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The gastrointestinal microbiota affects the metabolism of the mammalian host and has consequences for health. However, the complexity of gut microbial communities and host metabolic pathways make functional connections difficult to unravel, especially in terms of causation. In this study, we have characterized the fecal microbiota of hamsters whose cholesterol metabolism was extensively modulated by the dietary addition of plant sterol esters (PSE). PSE intake induced dramatic shifts in the fecal microbiota, reducing several bacterial taxa within the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae. The abundance of these taxa displayed remarkably high correlations with host cholesterol metabolites. Most importantly, the associations between several bacterial taxa with fecal and biliary cholesterol excretion showed an almost perfect fit to a sigmoidal nonlinear model of bacterial inhibition, suggesting that host cholesterol excretion can shape microbiota structure through the antibacterial action of cholesterol. In vitro experiments suggested a modest antibacterial effect of cholesterol, and especially of cholesteryl-linoleate, but not plant sterols when included in model bile micelles. The findings obtained in this study are relevant to our understanding of gut microbiota-host lipid metabolism interactions, as they provide the first evidence for a role of cholesterol excreted with the bile as a relevant host factor that modulates the gut microbiota. The findings further suggest that the connections between Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and host lipid metabolism, which have been observed in several studies, could be caused by a metabolic phenotype of the host (cholesterol excretion) affecting the gut microbiota.T he mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms (the gut microbiota), a large fraction of which are bacteria. This microbial community has an extensive impact on host metabolism with important implications for health (1-3). The contribution of the gut microbiota to energy harvest from the diet and to fat storage constitutes a key beneficial trait that underlies host-microbiota symbiosis in mammals (4). However, this contribution has likely become detrimental to modern humans living in societies with excess food resources, as it increases susceptibility to metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Accordingly, the gut microbiota is increasingly being accepted as an important factor that contributes to pathological conditions associated with obesity (5), and in humans, metabolic pathologies often are associated with alterations in the gut microbiota (which is referred to as dysbiosis) (6-9). Unfortunately, there is still little consensus on the bacterial groups that are linked to obesity-related diseases and metabolic phenotypes (3). In addition, although comparisons between germ-free and conventional mice and rats have clearly established a role of the microbiota in modulating host lipid metabolism (2, 10-12), it remai...

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Host-Microbe Communication within the GI Tract

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

High Milk Consumers Have an Increased Risk of Folate Receptor Blocking Autoantibody Production but This Does Not Affect Folate Status in Spanish Men and Women

High Milk Consumers Have an Increased Risk of Folate Receptor Blocking Autoantibody Production but This Does Not Affect Folate Status in Spanish Men and Women

Bacillus clausii and gut homeostasis: state of the art and future perspectives

Diet-Induced Alterations of Host Cholesterol Metabolism Are Likely To Affect the Gut Microbiota Composition in Hamsters

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