Host-Manipulation by Trophically Transmitted Parasites: The Switcher-Paradigm

Iritani, Ryosuke; Sato, Tadanobu

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.005

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Importantly, parasites can also change host behavior. Sometimes these changes alter a host's behavior to make it bolder or more aggressive [49]. In the short term the increased boldness or aggressiveness may make parasitized males more attractive to females if these BTs are favored in other contexts; however, in the longer term, if parasitism is a major driver for mate choice, we would expect a shift in preference to shy males.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

You’re Just My Type: Mate Choice and Behavioral Types

Munson

Jones

Schraft

et al. 2020

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Consistent individual differences in behavior [i.e., behavioral types (BTs)], are common across the animal kingdom. Consistency can make behavior an adaptive trait for mate choice decisions. Here, we present a conceptual framework to explain how and why females might evaluate a male's BT before mating. Because BTs are consistent across time or context, a male's BT can be a reliable indicator of his potential to provide direct benefits. Heritable BTs can enable informed mate choice via indirect benefits. Many key issues regarding patterns of mate choice, including sensory biases, context dependence, and assortative mating apply to BT-dependent mate choice. Understanding the relationship between BTs and mate choice may offer insights into patterns of variation and consistency common in behavioral traits. BTs and Mate ChoiceMate choice is often a key factor influencing the evolution of traits [1,2]. While sexual selection via mate choice likely has a special role as a major explanation for highly elaborated ornaments, it is not only important for explaining exaggerated, sex-specific traits. A new insight is that the choosy sex (typically females) may also select a mate based on their own and their potential mate's behavioral type (BT) (see Glossary); for example, boldness, aggressiveness, exploratory tendency, or sociability [3]. An individual is said to have a BT if its behavior is consistent across time or contexts (e.g., an individual that is more aggressive than another in a foraging context, also tends to be more aggressive in the future and/or more aggressive in a mating context) [4]. If males have consistent BTs, then male behavior observed by a female at one time and context (e.g., during courtship) provides information about his likely behavior in the past and future (e.g., during parental care). Importantly, the time scale of this correlation is not part of the definition for either human or animal personalities [4,5]. More persistent BTs (e.g., over a lifetime) presumably have greater potential to be impactful, particularly for species with long-term mating associations, but even short-term consistency (e.g., from courtship to nesting or parental behavior a few weeks later) can be important [6][7][8].With regard to mechanisms of adaptive mate choice, correlations between a potential mate's past, present, and future behaviors may determine the quality and quantity of expected direct benefits that he can provide (e.g., nuptial gifts, territory, or parental care) [3]. Within a breeding season, BTs allow a female to predict a male's future behavior towards her and her offspring, which may be particularly important for species that have paternal care, including territory defense and provisioning [9,10]. While consistency to the next breeding season is not necessarily important for all species, species that engage in long-term pair bonds may rely more heavily on BTs to determine long-term compatibility [11]. Furthermore, given that BTs are heritable (about half of BT variation is attributable to additive geneti...

show abstract

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

You’re Just My Type: Mate Choice and Behavioral Types

Munson

Jones

Schraft

et al. 2020

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ in acanthella(e)-infected G. pulex, contrary to cystacanth(s)-infected individuals 11 . In line with the 'switcher paradigm' 12 , increased antipredator defence by pre-infective developmental stage could be as important in host manipulation as decreased antipredator defence by the parasite stage infective to final hosts. Indeed, parasite fitness is expected to increase with parasite-induced predation enhancement at the latter stage, and with predation suppression at the former stage 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, PIPAs do not have to be specific to predators suitable as final hosts to evolve 9 , in particular when predation pressure is low, as shown by 10 . On the other hand, evidence for adaptive specificity according to the parasite's developmental stage has been provided both experimentally 11 , and theoretically 12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with an acanthocephalan helminth reduces anxiety-like behaviour in crustacean host

Cozzarolo

Perrot‐Minnot

2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trophically transmitted heteroxenous parasites of diverse clades can decrease or reverse antipredator behaviours in their intermediate hosts, thereby increasing their chances of reaching their final hosts. Such behavioural alterations could result from compromised cognitive abilities affecting fear- or more generally stress-related neurophysiological pathways. We tested this hypothesis in a key model system in the study of parasitic manipulation, the fish acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus tereticollis and its intermediate crustacean host Gammarus fossarum, using the ‘threat of electric shock’ paradigm. We exposed uninfected and infected G. fossarum to chronic and/or acute electric shock programs at two different intensities (voltage), and then quantified their sheltering behaviour as a proxy for anxiety-like state. Infected gammarids did not express anxiety-like response to electric shocks, while uninfected gammarids hid more when exposed to acute treatments, and when exposed to the high intensity chronic treatment. Interestingly, the lack of response in infected gammarids depended on parasite developmental stage. Our results support the hypothesis that this acanthocephalan parasite impacts the general anxiety-like circuitry of their intermediate host. Further studies are needed to investigate whether it involves inappropriate processing of information, impaired integration, or altered activation of downstream pathways initiating behavioural action.

show abstract

“…So, extinction is possible if manipulation in double infections is low. Iritani and Sato (2018) show that manipulative parasites persist if they can alternate manipulation between boosting and suppressing predation rate. In our model, the parasite cannot switch its manipulative strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

On multiple infections by parasites with complex life cycles

Nguyen,

Gokhale

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Host manipulation is a common strategy of parasites with complex lifecycles. It directly affects predator-prey dynamics in trophically transmitted parasites. Theoretical studies suggest that predation-enhancing manipulation often decimates the prey population, making parasites prone to extinction. Host manipulation, however, can also suppress predation due to conflicting interests when multiple parasites infect a host, often neglected in theoretical studies. Misaligned interests of coinfecting parasites can occur due to limited carrying capacity or parasitoid developmental stage. Including this realistic complexity in a mathematical model, the results depart from previous studies substantially. We show that coinfecting multi-trophic parasites can preserve the predator-prey system and themselves through a combination of manipulation and reproduction parameters. Our study highlights the necessity and provides the means of incorporating the reality of multiple parasites and their multi-trophic life cycles in the theory of parasite ecology.

show abstract

Host-Manipulation by Trophically Transmitted Parasites: The Switcher-Paradigm

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

You’re Just My Type: Mate Choice and Behavioral Types

You’re Just My Type: Mate Choice and Behavioral Types

Infection with an acanthocephalan helminth reduces anxiety-like behaviour in crustacean host

On multiple infections by parasites with complex life cycles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About