Host immunoglobulin G selectively identifies pathobionts in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract

BackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of complex and multifactorial disorders with unknown etiology. Chronic intestinal inflammation develops against resident intestinal bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. We hypothesized that host intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig) G can be used to identify bacteria involved in IBD pathogenesis.ResultsIgG-bound and -unbound microorganisms were collected from 32 pediatric terminal ileum aspirate washes during colonoscopy [non-IBD (n = 10), Crohn disease (n = 15), and ulcerative colitis (n = 7)], and composition was assessed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. In vitro analysis of invasive capacity was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and gentamicin invasion assay; immune activation was measured by qPCR. Despite considerable inter-individual variations, IgG binding favored specific and unique mucosa-associated species in pediatric IBD patients. Burkholderia cepacia, Flavonifractor plautii, and Rumminococcus sp. demonstrated increased IgG binding, while Pseudomonas ST29 demonstrated reduced IgG binding, in IBD. In vitro validation confirmed that B. cepacia, F. plautii, and Rumminococcus display invasive potential while Pseudomonas protogens did not.ConclusionUsing IgG as a marker of pathobionts in larger patient cohorts to identify microbes and elucidate their role in IBD pathogenesis will potentially underpin new strategies to facilitate development of novel, targeted diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, this method can be used beyond the scope of this manuscript to evaluate altered gut pathobionts in a number of diseases associated with altered microbiota including arthritis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome, and carcinomas.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0604-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A comparative analysis of drinking water employing metagenomics

“…To limit microbial regrowth in finished DW, disinfectants, e.g., additional free chlorine or monochloramine, are added to the water prior to distribution, therefore residuals should be present in DW if they have not dissipated in transit [8,9]. However, such disinfectant residuals can introduce selective pressure, that may result in communities of disinfectant-resistant microorganisms [10][11][12][13]. For example, chlorination has been shown to greatly affect microbial community structure in DWDS [14].…”

“…Furthermore, regrowth or after growth of microorganisms in treated DW, including BW, can occur [10,[15][16][17][18]. Uncontrolled growth of bacteria, notably biofilm bacteria, in water mains and premise plumbing during delivery is well documented and can introduce operational issues within distribution systems, resulting in deterioration of color and taste or causing potential human hygiene problems [8,10,17,19,20]. Complex interactions also can develop between microorganisms and their environment and lead to metabolism of biologically available nutrients, particle deposition and sediment re-suspension, appearance of potential inhibitory substances, and biofilm formation.…”

Investigation of Potential Genetic Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis Utilizing Bioinformatics Analysis

“…UC has a high incidence in western countries, with increasing incidence in the developing countries [2]. e etiology of UC is considered to be multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors such as urban lifestyles, dietary factors, high levels of hygiene, and gut microbiota, all of which are associated with disease progression; however, the pathogenesis of UC remains unclear [3]. Bioinformatics can be effectively used to analyze UC microarray data, providing theoretical reference for further exploration of the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, and help to find potential target genes.…”

The reduction of DSS-induced colitis severity in mice exposed to cigarette smoke is linked to immune modulation and microbial shifts

“…In line with previous observations, DSS-induced inflammation affected the gut microbiota substantially, reducing overall diversity as modulating the abundance of specific genera. Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Flavonifractor were the most abundant genera, and their abundance increased further with DSS treatment 27,59,60 . In contrast, Alistipes, Muribaculum, and Lactobacillus abundance decreased following DSS treatment 27,61,62 .…”