Host immunoglobulin G in the haemolymph of the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Neumann, 1901)

Mbogo, S.K.; Osir, Ellie O.; Mongi, A. O.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400016052

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This phenomenon has been demonstrated for several species of ixodid and argasid ticks (1,4,5,10,21,34). However, vaccine-derived antibodies ingested by Dermacentor andersoni with a blood meal did not appear to affect the development of Anaplasma marginale in previously infected ticks in two trials, and there was no significant effect of tick exposure to host antibodies on the development of salivary gland infection or transmission of A. marginale by ticks (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Immunity Reduces Reservoir Host Competence ofPeromyscus leucopusforEhrlichia phagocytophila

Levin

Fish

2000

Infect Immun

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Infection with Ehrlichia phagocytophila in white-footed mice is transient and followed by a strong immune response. We investigated whether the presence of acquired immunity against E. phagocytophila precludes white-footed mice from further maintenance of this agent in nature. Mice were infected with E. phagocytophila via tick bite and challenged either 12 or 16 weeks later by Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with the same agent. Xenodiagnostic larvae fed upon each mouse simultaneously with challenging nymphs and 1 week thereafter. Ticks were tested for the agent by PCR, and the prevalence of infection was compared to that in ticks that fed upon nonimmune control mice. Only 30% of immunized mice sustained cofeeding transmission of E. phagocytophila between simultaneously feeding infected and uninfected ticks, compared to 100% of control mice. An average of 6.3% of xenodiagnostic ticks acquired Ehrlichia from previously immunized mice when fed 1 week after the challenge, compared to 82.5% infection in the control group. Although an immune response to a single infection with E. phagocytophila in white-footed mice provided only partial protection against reinfection with the same agent, the majority of mice were rendered reservoir incompetent for at least 12 to 16 weeks. Immunity acquired by mice during I. scapularis nymphal activity in early summer may exclude a large proportion of the mouse population from maintaining E. phagocytophila during the period of larval activity later in the season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Immunity Reduces Reservoir Host Competence ofPeromyscus leucopusforEhrlichia phagocytophila

Levin

Fish

2000

Infect Immun

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“…Nonetheless, host immunoglobulins, including IgG antibodies, ingested by ticks during blood feeding are known to cross the gut wall and retain their immunological properties in tick hemolymph. This phenomenon has been demonstrated for several species of ixodid and argasid ticks (Ackerman et al 1981;Ben-Yakir 1989;Ben-Yakir et al 1987;Brossard and Rais 1984;Chinzei and Minoura 1987;Fujisaki et al 1984;Mbogo et al 1992). Furthermore, feeding upon immune animals appears to result in decreased efficiency of nymph-to-adult transstadial transmission of another tickborne intracellular pathogen, A. phagocytophilum in ticks (Levin and Fish 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Co-feeding as a route for transmission of Rickettsia conorii israelensis between Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks

Zemtsova

Killmaster

Mumcuoglu³

et al. 2010

Exp Appl Acarol

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Rickettsia conorii is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is the recognized vector of R. conorii. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of R. conorii israelensis transmission between co-feeding Rh. sanguineus ticks. Infected Rh. sanguineus adults and uninfected nymphs were fed simultaneously upon either naïve dogs or a dog previously exposed to this agent. When ticks were placed upon naïve dogs, 92-100% of nymphs acquired the infection and 80-88% of infected engorged nymphs transmitted it transstadially. When ticks were placed upon a seropositive dog, only 8-28.5% of recipient nymphs became infected. Our results establish the first evidence for efficient natural transmission of R. conorii israelensis between co-feeding ticks upon both naïve and seropositive dogs. This route of transmission can ensure continuous circulation of R. conorii israelensis in tick vectors even in the absence of naïve reservoir hosts.

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“…The antigens used in this study were solubilized tick midgut membrane proteins (STGMP) prepared as previously described (Mbogo et al,, 1992;Essuman et al, 1991) and whole haemolymph harvested using previously described procedures (Mbogo et al, 1992;Ben-Yakir et al, 1986) from 5 day fed male and female ticks.…”

Section: Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition the concealed antigens used were derived from adults and may therefore be more protective to the adults that to the immature stages. Furthermore, unlike reports that anti-STGMP antibodies facilitate passage of IgG across the midgut barrier (Mbogo et al, 1992) no such work has been carried out with the immature stages. Reports that larval membrane antigens can protect against adult B. microplus ticks (Wong and Opdepeeck, 1990) suggest that larvae and adults may be sharing some common antigens that are important in acquisition of resistance.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to additive, but independent effects since both of these immunogens were shown to be protective. Alternatively, anti-STGMP antibodies may have facilitated the passage of antihaemolymph antibodies across the gut into the haemolymph thereby improving on the overall effect of immunisation since it has been demonstrated that feeding ticks on hosts immunised with STGMP facilitates the passage of antibodies across the midgut barrier into the haemolymph Mbogo et al, 1992). Since purified antigens have been shown to give better protection than crude ones (Willadsen et al, 1989) attempts should bc made to purify and detcrmine the protective components in the haemolymph and only use these for immunisation.…”

Section: Resistance To All Instars Of R Appendiculatus Was Induced Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunisation of rabbits against the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus using tick haemolymph

Mbogo

1994

Exp Appl Acarol

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Tick naive rabbits were immunised with haemolymph components from partially fed Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult ticks and subsequently challenged with all the developmental instars of the tick. The results obtained showed that the rabbits were rendered resistant to all the instars of the tick. However, the resistance was more pronounced in adult ticks than in the immature stages. The resistance was manifested as a reduction in the number of ticks that fed successfully to engorgement, reduced engorgement weights and reduced fecundities. Re challenging the resistant experimental rabbits with all the developmental instar stages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus showed that resistance was maintained in subsequent infestations.

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Host immunoglobulin G in the haemolymph of the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Neumann, 1901)

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Immunity Reduces Reservoir Host Competence ofPeromyscus leucopusforEhrlichia phagocytophila

Immunity Reduces Reservoir Host Competence ofPeromyscus leucopusforEhrlichia phagocytophila

Co-feeding as a route for transmission of Rickettsia conorii israelensis between Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks

Immunisation of rabbits against the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus using tick haemolymph

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