Host Immune Evasion by Lyme and Relapsing Fever Borreliae: Findings to Lead Future Studies for Borrelia miyamotoi

Stone, Brandee L.; Brissette, Catherine A.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00012

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 244 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…37 , 38 Symptoms of Borrelia and other tick-borne infections are not specific, and patients can have mixed infections with significant overlap of symptoms. 39 , 40 Testing for both Bb and RFB allows a greater diversity of Borrelia genotypes to be detected and will enhance our understanding of geographical distribution and infection rates through surveillance and monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing fever <em>Borrelia</em> in California: a pilot serological study

Middelveen¹,

Shah²,

Fesler³

et al. 2018

IJGM

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BackgroundBorrelia spirochetes are tick-borne Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in humans and animals. Although many studies have focused on Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the agent of Lyme disease, recent studies have examined the role of Relapsing Fever Borrelia (RFB) in human disease. In this pilot study, we have evaluated serological reactivity against Bb and RFB in patients residing in California.MethodsSerological testing for reactivity to Bb and RFB antigens was performed in 543 patients with suspected tick-borne illness using a Western blot technique. Further evaluation of a subset of 321 patients residing in California was obtained. Serum samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies reactive with Bb and RFB, and samples were classified by county of residence according to Bb reactivity alone, RFB reactivity alone, and dual reactivity against Bb and RFB. Seroreactivity was ranked in counties with the highest absolute number and the highest prevalence of positive samples.ResultsOf the 543 total serum samples, 32% were positive for Bb, 22% were positive for RFB, and 7% were positive for both Bb and RFB. Of the 321 serum samples from patients residing in California, 33% were positive for Bb, 27% were positive for RFB, and 11% were positive for both Bb and RFB. In the California cohort, the highest rates of positive serological testing for Bb were found in Santa Clara, Alameda, and Contra Costa counties, while the highest rates of positive serological testing for RFB were found in Santa Clara, Alameda, Marin, and San Francisco counties. The highest rates of dual reactivity against Bb and RFB were found in Contra Costa, Alameda, and San Francisco counties. Among the 24 counties with patients who were tested, Bb seropositivity alone was found in four counties, RFB seropositivity alone was found in two counties, and seropositivity for both Bb and RFB was found in 14 counties.ConclusionResults of this pilot study suggest that seroreactivity against Bb and RFB is widespread in California, and dual exposure to Bb and RFB may complicate the diagnosis of tick-borne disease. Greater awareness of RFB and broader screening for this tick-borne infection is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing fever <em>Borrelia</em> in California: a pilot serological study

Middelveen¹,

Shah²,

Fesler³

et al. 2018

IJGM

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“…It has been reported the importance of surface proteins in mediating the evasion of the complement system and inhibition of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation by virulent Leptospira, but not by the saprophyte L. biflexa [16,[48][49][50]. Thus, we decided to examine whether the proteins rLIC11711 and rLIC12587 had the ability to interact with the components of the human complement system.…”

Section: Interaction Of Rlic11711 and Rlic12587 With Complement Systementioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of two novel putative proteins of Leptospira interrogans with E-cadherin, plasminogen and complement components with potential role in bacterial infection

et al. 2019

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira. Leptospires are able to adhere to exposed extracellular matrix in injured tissues and, once in the bloodstream, can survive the attack of the immune system and spread to colonize target organs. In this work, we report that two novel putative proteins, coded by the genes LIC11711 and LIC12587 of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni are conserved among pathogenic strains, and probably exposed in the bacterial surface. Soluble recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. Both recombinant proteins bound to laminin and E-cadherin, suggesting an initial adhesion function in host epithelial cells. The recombinant protein LIC11711 (rLIC11711) was able to capture plasminogen (PLG) from normal human serum and convert to enzymatically active plasmin (PLA), in the presence of PLG activator. rLIC12587 (recombinant protein LIC12587) displayed a dose dependent and saturable interaction with components C7, C8, and C9 of the complement system, reducing the bactericidal effect of the complement. Binding to C9 may have consequences such as C9 polymerization inhibition, interfering with the membrane attack complex formation. Blocking LIC11711 and LIC12587 on bacterial cells by the respective antiserum reduced leptospiral cell viability when exposed to normal human serum (NHS). Both recombinant proteins could be recognized by serum samples of confirmed leptospirosis, but not of unrelated diseases, suggesting that the native proteins are immunogenic and expressed during leptospirosis. Taken together, our data suggest that these proteins may have a role in leptospiral pathogenesis, participating in immune evasion strategies.

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“…B. burgdorferi produces a number of substances that allow it to colonize and persist in its natural mammalian and tick hosts (2,4,5,6,9,20). How the spirochete manages to induce the changes necessary to survive in these settings is the subject of intensive investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial attachment of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes to Vero cells

Schwarzová¹,

Ciznár²,

Svihrova³

et al. 2019

BLL

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BACKGROUND: Adhesion is the initial process in the establishment of any infection and can contribute to bacterial pathogenesis. Without the ability to adhere to host cell surface, there is no invasion, dissemination, or persistence and host colonization by many bacterial pathogens, including B. burgdorferi. During the infection, B. burgdorferi cells interact with cells of various origins. We are having limited information and knowledge regarding the borrelial invasion, intracellular existence and the host cell damage and the pathological effects to the host. We have investigated by electron microscope the adherence of motile Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. to Vero cells derived from the kidney of an African green monkey by electronmicroscopy. These cells have been shown as an interesting model for study of the toxic potential of many bacterial pathogens. METHODS: Adherence of the long-term in vitro passaged Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains to a 24-hour monolayer of primate kidney epithelial Vero cells was studied using transmission electronmicroscopy. The reaction was read after incubation at 1-hour intervals. RESULTS: A vertical contact between borreliae and Vero cells was confi rmed already after one hour of in vitro incubation. A cytotoxic effect of borreliae could be observed when the time of incubation was extended to 4 hour. The extent of attachment varied between the two borrelia strains tested. CONCLUSION: The optimal time for spirochetal adhesion in our model was 1 h postinoculation. Our results suggest that borrelia attaches to the tested cells by length and by the tip. The data showed that the extent of attachment varied between the two borrelia strains tested (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref.

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Host Immune Evasion by Lyme and Relapsing Fever Borreliae: Findings to Lead Future Studies for Borrelia miyamotoi

Cited by 29 publications

References 244 publications

Relapsing fever <em>Borrelia</em> in California: a pilot serological study

Relapsing fever <em>Borrelia</em> in California: a pilot serological study

The interaction of two novel putative proteins of Leptospira interrogans with E-cadherin, plasminogen and complement components with potential role in bacterial infection

Initial attachment of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes to Vero cells

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