Host-finding and host recognition of infective Ancylostoma caninum larvae

Granzer, Monika; Haas, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(91)90100-l

Cited by 67 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hookworm may exhibit this unexpected link for two reasons. Infective hookworm larvae engage in host-seeking behaviour that is strongly affected by the presence of water, carbon dioxide, and warmth, all of which are found in the breath of a potential host [Sasa et al, 1960;Granzer and Haas, 1991]. That work also revealed that 85% of infective larvae that were displaying host-seeking behaviours latched onto a dog hair when it was touched [Granzer and Haas, 1991].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…First, infective larval stages of a parasite could be left on the skin or fur of individuals after contact with contaminated soil. Infective larvae are known to latch onto the fur and/or skin of hosts, often resulting in larva migrans [Granzer and Haas, 1991]. Second, grooming fur and skin may leave infective stages of larvae on the hands of the groomer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Number of Grooming Partners Is Associated with Hookworm Infection in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)

Wren

Remis²,

Camp³

et al. 2016

IJFP

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There are many known benefits of social grooming among primates, including maintenance of social relationships, removal of ectoparasites, and improved physiological condition. Recently, however, researchers have noted that social grooming and social contact may also present a significant cost by facilitating transmission of some parasites and pathogens. We investigated whether the number of social grooming partners varied based on infection status for gastrointestinal parasites. We used focal animal sampling and continuous recording to collect data on the number of grooming partners for known individual vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). We collected non-invasive faecal samples and examined them using faecal flotation, faecal sedimentation, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We detected 6 parasites: Trichuris sp. (92%), hookworm (71%), spirurids (68%), Oesophagostomum sp. (84%), Strongyloides sp. (24%), and Entamoeba coli (92%). The number of grooming partners varied significantly based on infection with hookworm and sex. No significant relationships were detected for other parasites. Associations between host behavioural variation and some parasite taxa (specifically Trichuris, Oesophagostomum, and Entamoeba spp.) were impossible to explore due to an extremely high prevalence among hosts. This is the first report that we are aware of that has detected an association between social grooming behaviours and infection with hookworm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of Grooming Partners Is Associated with Hookworm Infection in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)

Wren

Remis²,

Camp³

et al. 2016

IJFP

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“…Third, and most practically, excitement is visible by a change in locomotion behavior. The dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani) Hall, for example, starts penetrating into the agar surface in response to heat, dog serum, and hydrophilic skin washings of dogs (Granzer and Haas, 1991). Typical changes in locomotion behavior in response to surface washings of Tipula oleracea L. were observed for Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Huneke et al, 1994).…”

Section: Recognizing and Entering A Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes

Campbell²,

et al. 2006

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We discuss the behavior and ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes in relation to their successes and failures as biological control agents. Four categories of studies have been reviewed herein; infective juvenile foraging strategies, recognition and evaluation of the host by infective juveniles, the actual behaviors of infective juveniles that result in infection, and the protective role of the symbiotic bacteria during nematode reproduction in the cadaver. This constitutes a chronological order of events. Two challenges are suggested. First, the data on entomopathogenic nematode behavioral ecology, while very extensive for some species, are almost completely lacking for most described species. We need to approach future studies paying more attention to phylogenetic origins of the traits that we study. Second, there is little consensus on exactly what are the traits that are worth studying. By reviewing and synthesizing current work, we make some suggestions about where future research should be directed.

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“…Chemosensory function of L3i was then assessed according to a protocol modified from Ward (26). In brief, L3i were applied to agar plates containing a preestablished concentration gradient of aqueous canine skin extract (27). Numbers of worms in attractant wells were determined every 4 min for 20 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RELMβ/FIZZ2 is a goblet cell-specific immune-effector molecule in the gastrointestinal tract

Artis

Wang

Keilbaugh

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

302

327

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Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections are an important public health and economic concern. Experimental studies have shown that resistance to infection requires CD4 ؉ T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine responses characterized by the production of IL-4 and IL-13. However, despite >30 years of research, it is unclear how the immune system mediates the expulsion of worms from the GI tract. Here, we demonstrate that a recently described intestinal goblet cell-specific protein, RELM␤͞FIZZ2, is induced after exposure to three phylogenetically distinct GI nematode pathogens. Maximal expression of RELM␤ was coincident with the production of Th2 cytokines and host protective immunity, whereas production of the Th1 cytokine, IFN-␥, inhibited RELM␤ expression and led to chronic infection. Furthermore, whereas induction of RELM␤ was equivalent in nematode-infected wild-type and IL-4-deficient mice, IL-4 receptor-deficient mice showed minimal RELM␤ induction and developed persistent infections, demonstrating a direct role for IL-13 in optimal expression of RELM␤. Finally, we show that RELM␤ binds to components of the nematode chemosensory apparatus and inhibits chemotaxic function of a parasitic nematode in vitro. Together, these results suggest that intestinal goblet cell-derived RELM␤ may be a novel Th2 cytokine-induced immune-effector molecule in resistance to GI nematode infection.

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Host-finding and host recognition of infective Ancylostoma caninum larvae

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Number of Grooming Partners Is Associated with Hookworm Infection in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)

Number of Grooming Partners Is Associated with Hookworm Infection in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)

Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes

RELMβ/FIZZ2 is a goblet cell-specific immune-effector molecule in the gastrointestinal tract

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