Host Fidelity of the Pollinator Guilds of <i>Silene dioica</i> and <i>Silene latifolia</i>: Possible Consequences for Sympatric Host Race Differentiation of a Vectored Plant Disease

Putten, Wilhelmus F. Van; Elzinga, Jelmer A.; Biere, Arjen

doi:10.1086/511050

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The explanation for the persistence of high degree of syngamy compatibility at large genetic distance may instead be that the strength of selection for increasing assortative mating via mate choice may be too low in Microbotryum, because hybridization is sufficiently rare in nature. The cumulative effects of other presyngamy barriers, such as differences in habitat and pollinator of the plant Evolution of reproductive isolation in fungi T Giraud and S Gourbière species (Goulson and Jerrim, 1997;van Putten et al, 2007;Gladieux et al, 2010b) and high rates of selfing (40.90;Giraud et al, 2005Giraud et al, , 2008bHood and Antonovics, 2000;Gladieux et al, 2010b), may be strong enough such that very few hybrids are produced in nature even with weak preference for conspecifics (Bucheli et al, 2000;Refrégier et al, 2010;Gladieux et al, 2010b;Gibson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tempo and modes of evolution of reproductive isolation in fungi

Giraud

Gourbière

2012

Heredity

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Reproductive isolation is an essential ingredient of speciation, and much has been learned in recent years about the evolution of reproductive isolation and the genetics of reproductive barriers in animals and plants. Fungi have been neglected on these aspects, despite being tractable model eukaryotes. Here, we used a model fitting approach to look at the importance of different barriers to gene flow to explain the decrease of reproductive compatibility with genetic distance in fungi. We found support for the occurrence of reinforcement in the presyngamy compatibility among basidiomycetes. In contrast, no evidence for reinforcement was detected in ascomycetes, concurring with the idea that host/habitat adaptation in this group can pleiotropically cause reproductive isolation. We found no evidence of a snowballing accumulation of postsyngamic reproductive incompatibilities in either ascomycetes or the complex of anther smut fungi. Together with previous studies, our results suggest that ecologically based barriers to gene flow and karyotypic differences may have an important role in hybrid inviability and sterility in fungi. Interestingly, hybrid sterility appeared to evolve faster than hybrid inviability in fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tempo and modes of evolution of reproductive isolation in fungi

Giraud

Gourbière

2012

Heredity

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“…In prior work, the relative frequency of Hadena nursery pollinators compared to copollinators has been documented (e.g., Jurgens et al 1996;van Putten et al 2007;GimenezBenavides et al 2007), and pollinator effectiveness has been quantified for Silene vulgaris (Pettersson 1991). These studies demonstrate that the frequency of Hadena relative to copollinators can be highly variable, and, within a single population of S. vulgaris in Sweden, the four Hadena spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Variable nursery pollinator importance and its effect on plant reproductive success

et al. 2011

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Nursery pollination, in which insects use as hosts the very plants they pollinate, ranges from obligate mutualism to parasitism. In the non-obligate interaction between Greya moths and the host Lithophragma sp., the relative density of nursery pollinators and copollinators, which do not use plant tissues for larval development, is a key determinant of the interaction's outcome. Silene (Caryophyllaceae) nursery pollination by Hadena moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), studied primarily in Europe, is considered antagonistic because copollinators comprise a substantial proportion of the pollinator community. However, there are few studies that ascertain the direction of the Silene-Hadena interaction by taking into account both pollinator service and seed predation. Here, we report a novel comprehensive evaluation of the direction of the interaction between North American Hadena ectypa on Silene stellata, by comparing the relative contributions of nursery and copollinators to S. stellata pollination and relate this to variation in fruit predation and reproductive success of S. stellata across multiple sites and years. Hadena ectypa pollinator importance (pollen deposited/visit/h) varied between years, resulting from variable visitation rate. Copollinator importance was higher than H. ectypa in 1 year and equivalent in another. In two of three sites, lowered H. ectypa activity was not correlated with a significant decrease in plant reproductive success, indicating a negative interaction. Although pollinator service by H. ectypa is substantial in this system, copollinators' service is at least as great, and when the cost of fruit predation is factored in, the net effect of the interaction is parasitism of host plants.

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“…Microbotryum has recently been shown to consist of different species, highly specialized onto one or two host plants ( Le Gac et al, 2007a). Partial premating isolation among host plants also affects Microbotryum because the pathogen transmission depends on the host plants' habitats and pollinators (van Putten et al, 2007). There has however been little, if any, cospeciation between the plants and the fungi (Refrégier et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biotic Interactions: Microbotryum and The Evolutionary Ecolomentioning

confidence: 99%

Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution

et al. 2009

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The genus Silene, studied by Darwin, Mendel and other early scientists, is re-emerging as a system for studying interrelated questions in ecology, evolution and developmental biology. These questions include sex chromosome evolution, epigenetic control of sex expression, genomic conflict and speciation. Its well-studied interactions with the pathogen Microbotryum has made Silene a model for the evolution and dynamics of disease in natural systems, and its interactions with herbivores have increased our understanding of multi-trophic ecological processes and the evolution of invasiveness. Molecular tools are now providing new approaches to many of these classical yet unresolved problems, and new progress is being made through combining phylogenetic, genomic and molecular evolutionary studies with ecological and phenotypic data. The model role of a non-model organismThe genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae), with a tradition of genetical and ecological studies dating back to Mendel and Darwin, has remarkably many interesting features. First, the species in the genus vary widely in their breeding systems and ecology. Second, several members of this mainly holarctic genus can be easily bred, and have short life cycles, and are thus convenient for experimental and field studies. Genomic resources are now becoming increasingly available in Silene, making genetic, quantitative genetic and molecular studies possible. A strength of Silene as a model system, compared with many classical model organisms, is that researchers can rely on a large number of ecological studies encompassing biotic interactions with sexually transmitted fungi, pollinators and herbivores. It is the wealth of ecological and other earlier knowledge that makes the genus Silene important for studying many biological questions, including the suppression of recombination during sex chromosome evolution, sexually antagonistic selection in an organism that is not an animal, epigenetic processes in flower development, speciation and reproductive isolation, multi-trophic interactions, disease ecology and biological invasions.Thanks to the classical genetic and ecological work on Silene, new progress can now be made in studying some of these important unresolved questions in biology with the aid of modern molecular tools. That new model systems with accessible and well-studied ecology open fruitful avenues for investigation is illustrated also by Mimulus (Wu et al., 2008) and the ongoing efforts to develop genomic resources in an increasing number of different systems. In the following, we outline the unique features of the Silene system, and describe active research areas and future directions, highlighting new advances and work in progress. Evolution of sexual systemsPlants show remarkable diversity in their sexual and mating systems, ranging from hermaphroditism to dioecy, from self-incompatible hermaphroditism to hermaphroditism in which individuals possess a capacity to self-fertilize, but which often show complex mechanisms to promote outcrossing (Darwin, 18...

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Host Fidelity of the Pollinator Guilds of Silene dioica and Silene latifolia: Possible Consequences for Sympatric Host Race Differentiation of a Vectored Plant Disease

Cited by 36 publications

References 54 publications

The tempo and modes of evolution of reproductive isolation in fungi

The tempo and modes of evolution of reproductive isolation in fungi

Variable nursery pollinator importance and its effect on plant reproductive success

Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution

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