Host factors facilitating SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection and replication in the lungs

Boutin, Sébastien; Hildebrand, Dagmar; Boulant, Steeve; Kreuter, Michael; Rüter, Jule; Pallerla, Srinivas Reddy; Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; Nurjadi, Dennis

doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03889-5

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 362 publications

(342 reference statements)

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“…We also observed an increased risk of infection in individuals with prior lung infection. A potential explanation is the microbiome changes within the lung that play a key role in the initiation and progression of COVID-19 [ 47 , 48 ]. In addition, studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 and preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD) had a poorer prognosis [ 49 , 50 ], which highlights the importance of staying vigilant and continued use of personal protective and social measures, even with vaccination among those individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Fully mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals: Retrospective Analysis

Liu¹,

Lee²,

Ta³

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in preventing symptomatic COVID-19, while being relatively safe in trial studies. However, vaccine breakthrough infections have been reported. Objective This study aims to identify risk factors associated with COVID-19 breakthrough infections among fully mRNA-vaccinated individuals. Methods We conducted a series of observational retrospective analyses using the electronic health records (EHRs) of the Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian (CUIMC/NYP) up to September 21, 2021. New York City (NYC) adult residences with at least 1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) record were included in this analysis. Poisson regression was performed to assess the association between the breakthrough infection rate in vaccinated individuals and multiple risk factors—including vaccine brand, demographics, and underlying conditions—while adjusting for calendar month, prior number of visits, and observational days in the EHR. Results The overall estimated breakthrough infection rate was 0.16 (95% CI 0.14-0.18). Individuals who were vaccinated with Pfizer/BNT162b2 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] against Moderna/mRNA-1273=1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.35) were male (IRR against female=1.47, 95% CI 1.11-1.94) and had compromised immune systems (IRR=1.48, 95% CI 1.09-2.00) were at the highest risk for breakthrough infections. Among all underlying conditions, those with primary immunodeficiency, a history of organ transplant, an active tumor, use of immunosuppressant medications, or Alzheimer disease were at the highest risk. Conclusions Although we found both mRNA vaccines were effective, Moderna/mRNA-1273 had a lower incidence rate of breakthrough infections. Immunocompromised and male individuals were among the highest risk groups experiencing breakthrough infections. Given the rapidly changing nature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, continued monitoring and a generalizable analysis pipeline are warranted to inform quick updates on vaccine effectiveness in real time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Fully mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals: Retrospective Analysis

Liu¹,

Lee²,

Ta³

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Risk factors are older age, male sex, and comorbidities including chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cancer [10] , [11] , [12] , but also ethnicity [ 13 , 14 ]. Additionally, host genetic factors were proposed as risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe courses of COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host genetic factors determining COVID-19 susceptibility and severity

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses an unprecedented challenge to humanity. SARS-CoV-2 infections range from asymptomatic to severe courses of COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan involvement and death. Risk factors for disease severity include older age, male sex, increased BMI and pre-existing comorbidities. Ethnicity is also relevant to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Host genetic predisposition to COVID-19 is now increasingly recognized and whole genome and candidate gene association studies regarding COVID-19 susceptibility have been performed. Several common and rare variants in genes related to inflammation or immune responses have been identified. We summarize research on COVID-19 host genetics and compile genetic variants associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 and disease severity. We discuss candidate genes that should be investigated further to understand such associations and provide insights relevant to pathogenesis, risk classification, therapy response, precision medicine, and drug repurposing.

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“…By infecting human bronchial epithelial cells, lung cells, and upper respiratory tract (URT) cells, SARS-CoV-2 can develop into a serious life-threatening respiratory disease, resulting in severe ARDS and permanent lung injury [ 70 , 83 ]. Studies have found that the host receptor by which SARS-CoV-2 enters is the same as the host receptor for ACE2 [ 84 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19: status and future perspectives for clinical applications

Chen

Kalyani

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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As a result of cross-species transmission in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a serious endangerment to human health and the causal agent of a global pandemic. Although the number of infected people has decreased due to effective management, novel methods to treat critical COVID-19 patients are still urgently required. This review describes the origins, pathogenesis, and clinical features of COVID-19 and the potential uses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in therapeutic treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. MSCs have previously been shown to have positive effects in the treatment of lung diseases, such as acute lung injury, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MSC mechanisms of action involve differentiation potentials, immune regulation, secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, migration and homing, anti-apoptotic properties, antiviral effects, and extracellular vesicles. Currently, 74 clinical trials are investigating the use of MSCs (predominately from the umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue) to treat COVID-19. Although most of these trials are still in their early stages, the preliminary data are promising. However, longterm safety evaluations are still lacking, and large-scale and controlled trials are required for more conclusive judgments regarding MSC-based therapies. The main challenges and prospective directions for the use of MSCs in clinical applications are discussed herein. In summary, while the clinical use of MSCs to treat COVID-19 is still in the preliminary stages of investigation, promising results indicate that they could potentially be utilized in future treatments. KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) • Mesenchymal stem cell • Cellular therapy Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences * Charlie Xiang

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Host factors facilitating SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection and replication in the lungs

Cited by 22 publications

References 362 publications

Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Fully mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals: Retrospective Analysis

Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Fully mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals: Retrospective Analysis

Host genetic factors determining COVID-19 susceptibility and severity

Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19: status and future perspectives for clinical applications

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