Host Differences Affecting Resistance and Susceptibility of the Second Generation of a Pekin Duck Flock to Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 3

Abstract

Earlier work suggested the possibility to anti duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 (DHAV-3) using the resistance breeding strategy. Here, we report the creation of the second generations of a resistant Pekin duck flock (designated Z8R2) and a highly susceptible Pekin duck flock (designated Z8S2) and the investigation of their responses to DHAV-3. Experimental infection with DHAV-3 at 7 days of age resulted in a high mortality (66.3%) in 11 susceptible Z8S2 families and an extremely low mortality rate (2.67%) in 32 Z8R2 families, indicating that Z8R2 exhibits strong resistance to DHAV-3, while Z8S2 is highly susceptible to the virus. Detection of DHAV-3 in the liver between 1 and 60 hours post inoculation (hpi) suggests that DHAV-3 can be replicated rapidly and efficiently in the liver of Z8S2, whereas the replication of the virus in the liver of Z8R2 is suppressed greatly. High levels of serum biochemical markers (e.g., ALT, AST, ALP and GGT) were detected in Z8S2 at 24 hpi, which were significantly higher than those in Z8R2. Analysis of transcripts in the liver revealed that the expression levels of several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., TLR4/7, RIG-1 and MDA5) and cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α, and IFN-γ) in Z8S2 were significantly higher than those in Z8R2 at 12 and 24 hpi. Together these findings suggest that Z8R2 and Z8S2 Pekin ducks, which were derived from the same Z8 line, exhibit disparate pathogenic outcomes following DHAV-3 infection. Therefore, it is possible to select a Pekin duck flock resistant to DHAV-3 employing the strategy described here. It is likely that the high viral load and the strong inflammatory response correlate with the high susceptibility of Z8S2 Pekin ducks to DHAV-3.

Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) at 12 and 48 hours post-infection through RNA-seq

“…RNA-seq technology is a high-throughput sequencing technology that can reveal the molecular mechanisms, biological processes, and development of disease. So far, many reports have analyzed transcriptome sequences of different tissues in DHAV-, reovirus-, and DHBV-infected ducks [ 11 – 13 ], providing basic data for understanding the molecular mechanism of viral infections in ducks.…”

“…MDA5 could detect the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirus-infected cells [ 22 ]. The report from Wang et al showed that the expression levels of MDA5 in susceptible ducks were significantly higher than those in resistant ducks at 12 and 24 hpi [ 11 ], suggesting a role of MDA5 against DHAV-3 infection. We will detect other PRR for DHAV-3 recognition in future research.…”

Dynamic Transcriptome Reveals the Mechanism of Liver Injury Caused by DHAV-3 Infection in Pekin Duck

“…Resistant and susceptible Pekin ducklings were obtained from the Pekin Duck Breeding Center (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China). The experimental ducklings' parent stocks were tested for DHAV-3 antibody-free status using a Duck DHAV-3 ELISA kit (Biorbyt, Shanghai, China).The virus used in this study was the 112803 strain of DHAV-3, as used in previous study (2). The viral titer was 10 5.83 50% egg lethal dose (ELD 50 ) per 0.2 mL.…”

“…Duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) is a threat to the duck industry in China (1). For ducklings aged below 14 days, the mortality rate caused by DHAV-3 infection will reach almost 90% (2). DHAV-3 is characterized by its rapid transmission.…”

Differential metabolism -associated gene expression of duck pancreatic cells in response to two subtype s of duck hepatitis A virus type 1

“…Transcriptome analysis is a promising tool that can provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in speci c biological processes and diseases [17]. Previous studies have described the transcriptome pro le of DHAV-, Reovirus-and DHBV-infection in ducks [18][19][20][21]. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing was employed to explore and compare the gene expression patterns of infection with different subtype DHAV-1 in duck pancreatic tissues, with the aim to compare different molecular events during DHAV-1s infection.…”