Host behavior modification of <i>Achaearanea tingo</i> (Araneae: Theridiidae) induced by the parasitoid wasp <i>Zatypota alborhombarta</i> (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Gonzaga, Marcelo O.; Loffredo, A P S; Penteado-Dias, Angélica María; Cardoso, João Custódio Fernandes

doi:10.1111/ens.12178

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As in cocoon webs of T. clavipes, the reduction of web components associated with prey interception and retention is the main characteristic of cocoon webs spun by C. citricola. This alteration may reduce the risks of web destruction by struggling insects and is often observed in cocoon webs spun by several hosts of polysphinctines (e.g., Eberhard 2000;Sobczak 2007, 2011;Korenko et al 2015;Gonzaga et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of an alien species in the host range of the Neotropical parasitoid Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Gonzaga¹,

Pádua²,

Quero³

2022

JHR

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In this study we report the first case of an introduced alien host spider species being parasitized and manipulated by an ichneumonid wasp. Hymenoepimecis bicolor, previously described parasitizing exclusively Trichonephila clavipes (Araneidae), was observed parasitizing the European species Cyrtophora citricola (Araneidae) in southeastern Brazil. The cocoon web built by the parasitized spider is composed of a reduced horizontal sheet, which maintains the radial structure. The reduced number of radii and spirals probably reduce the chances of insect interception by these modified structures. In addition, the density of supporting threads is apparently very different between normal and modified webs. The cocoon web spun by C. citricola lacks the protective barrier structure usually observed in cocoon webs spun by parasitized females of T. clavipes. Our observations are in agreement with several predictions of the ecdysteroid hypothesis and represent an interesting opportunity for further investigation of interactions between these parasitoids and their spider hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of an alien species in the host range of the Neotropical parasitoid Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Gonzaga¹,

Pádua²,

Quero³

2022

JHR

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“…Shelter construction is an important antipredatory behavior not only for spiders (Manicom et al, 2008), but also for their koinobiont parasitoids. Some spiders use leaves as shelters, and the pupas of some polysphinctines remain concealed and protected in these structures (Gonzaga and Sobczak, 2007;Sobczak et al, 2014;Gonzaga et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two lines of defense in the pupas of ichneumonid wasp parasitoids associated with spider hosts

et al. 2022

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Insects in the pupal stage are vulnerable to various predators because the pupa is immobile. The pupas of parasitoid ichneumonid wasps (Ichneumonidae) associated with spider hosts have evolved two lines of defense against predators, namely a cocoon spun by the parasitoid larva and a web provided by the spider host. The web is derived from a normal or modified spider web built by the spider under manipulation by the penultimate instar of the parasitoid wasp. In laboratory experiments, we tested the efficacy of these two defensive lines using six potential predators with two different types of mouthparts coming from three foraging guilds. The presence of the cocoon significantly reduced predation. Scavengers with chewing mouthparts, e.g., cockroaches and crickets, attacked and consumed pupas within both sparse and strong cocoon walls. Scavengers with piercing mouthparts were able to attack pupas in cocoons with a sparse wall, but not with a strong wall. Collectors and true predators showed no interest in cocoons. The presence of a web increased pupa protection by up to 80% when the web was on the ground and by up to 95% when the web was in the air. Only scavengers with chewing mouthparts were able to reach and consume pupas sheltered by the web. We provide the first evidence of how the two lines of defense contribute to parasitoid defense during the pupal stage.

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“…These manipulations are thought to improve the nutritional content of the hosts' internal environment in order to benefit the developing wasp [2]. Along with these physiological targets, many parasitoids can also use venom factors to alter their hosts' behavior [23][24][25][26][27][28]. These modified behaviors promote parasitoid survival and development; often at the expense of the hosts' own fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatic analysis suggests potential mechanisms underlying parasitoid venom evolution and function

et al. 2020

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Host behavior modification of Achaearanea tingo (Araneae: Theridiidae) induced by the parasitoid wasp Zatypota alborhombarta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Inclusion of an alien species in the host range of the Neotropical parasitoid Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Inclusion of an alien species in the host range of the Neotropical parasitoid Hymenoepimecis bicolor (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Two lines of defense in the pupas of ichneumonid wasp parasitoids associated with spider hosts

Bioinformatic analysis suggests potential mechanisms underlying parasitoid venom evolution and function

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