Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China

Abstract

Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown. Methods A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Results Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). Conclusions The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans.

Molecular-Based Detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Farmed Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Hainan, China: A High-Prevalence, Specificity, and Zoonotic Potential of ITS Genotypes

“…Additionally, they have also been found in some animals from China. For instance, genotype KIN-1 has been found in pigs, cattle, deer, and goats (21)(22)(23)(24); genotype CHN4 in calf and coypus (25,26); and genotype Henan-III in NHPs, pet snakes, pigs, and birds (6,(27)(28)(29). The above results indicate that masked palm civets could harbor the different zoonotic genotypes.…”

First Worldwide Evidence of Bronchopulmonary Strongyle Nematodes and the First Report on Italy of Cryptosporidium sp. in Allochthonous Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

“…Next to the reference number, in parentheses, is the geographic area/country of studied nutria population. a [17] (several sites/China); b [56] (several sites/China); c [11] (Atlantic Loire/France); d [15] (several sites/Czech Republic); e [11] (Atlantic Loire/France); f [15] (several sites/Czech Republic); g [51] (Norfolk, Suffolk/UK); h [57] (Texas/USA); i [58] (Curitiba/Brazil); j [12] (Malargüe/Argentine); k [13] (Buenos Aires, Argentina); l [18] (several sites/Czech Republic and Slovakia); m [52] (Lombardy/Italy); n this study (Lazio/Italy). The number after each taxon indicates author and year of description.…”

Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Wild Rodents From Six Provinces in China

“…Genotype XJP-II was previously found in pigs in Xinjiang ( Li D. F. et al., 2019b ), and NCF2 was also identified in farmed foxes ( Vulpes lagopus ) ( Zhang et al., 2016 ; Ma et al., 2020 ) and raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ) ( Xu et al., 2016 ) in China, Kangaroo in Australia ( Zhang Y. et al., 2018 ). Genotypes EbpC, EbpA, and D were frequently found in humans and a broad range of animals ( Wang et al., 2013 ; Liu et al., 2017 ; Qi et al., 2018 ; Zhang X. X. et al., 2018 ; Zou et al., 2018 ; Wang H. et al., 2020 ; Wang Y. et al., 2020 ; Yu et al., 2020 ). The results showed that natural transmission of E. bieneusi among rodents, humans and many other animals may occur.…”