Hospitals and Laboratories on Paper-Based Sensors: A Mini Review

Abstract

With characters of low cost, portability, easy disposal, and high accuracy, as well as bulky reduced laboratory equipment, paper-based sensors are getting increasing attention for reliable indoor/outdoor onsite detection with nonexpert operation. They have become powerful analysis tools in trace detection with ultra-low detection limits and extremely high accuracy, resulting in their great popularity in medical detection, environmental inspection, and other applications. Herein, we summarize and generalize the recently reported paper-based sensors based on their application for mechanics, biomolecules, food safety, and environmental inspection. Based on the biological, physical, and chemical analytes-sensitive electrical or optical signals, extensive detections of a large number of factors such as humidity, pressure, nucleic acid, protein, sugar, biomarkers, metal ions, and organic/inorganic chemical substances have been reported via paper-based sensors. Challenges faced by the current paper-based sensors from the fundamental problems and practical applications are subsequently analyzed; thus, the future directions of paper-based sensors are specified for their rapid handheld testing.

Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices: State of the Art: Part 1. General Consideration

“…It should be noted that the field of paper-based sensors is developing rapidly, and significant progress has been made in the development of such sensors. At present, quite a lot of reviews on paper-based sensors have already been published [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. But most of them are aimed at considering electrochemical and optical sensors, biosensors, gas sensors, and strain sensors.…”

Electrochemiluminescence Systems for the Detection of Biomarkers: Strategical and Technological Advances

“…The simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers (i.e., multiplexing) is also a major challenge, particularly in situations where specimens are in short supply and the same assay volume must be used in a single run. Consequently, many studies have attempted to develop biomarker detection systems using a diverse range of optical, electrochemical, electrical, and mechanical methods [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Among the various sensing approaches developed thus far, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted an increasing interest since it provides an effective means of detecting trace concentrations of specific molecules in biological samples.…”