Hospitalizations Among Adults With CKD in Public Renal Specialty Practices: A Retrospective Study From Queensland, Australia

Diwan, Vishal; Hoy, Wendy E.; Wang, Zaimin; Zhang, Jianzhen; Cameron, A.; Venuthurupalli, S. K.; Fassett, Robert G.; Chan, Samuel; Healy, Helen; Tan, Ken‐Soon; Baer, Richard; Mallett, Andrew; Gray, Nicholas; Mantha, Murty; Cherian, Roy; Mutatiri, Clyson; Madhan, K.; Kan, George; Mitchell, G.; Hossain, Shahadat; Wu, Danielle; Han, Thin; Kark, Adrian; Titus, Thomas; Ranganathan, Dwarakanatan; Bonner, Ann; Govindarajulu, Sridevi

doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100700

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…A recently published Queensland CKD registry study of pre-dialysis patients with CKD showed similar increases in inpatient costs with CKD progression. However, our inpatient costs across each CKD stage were approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the Queensland registry cohort [ 20 ]. Our estimate of average annual healthcare costs per patient are also higher than the 2004/2005 AusDiab cohort study, which estimated direct total healthcare costs to range from $1,829 per person ($2,260 in 2023) for those without CKD to $14,545 per person ($17,975 in 2023) in late stages of CKD (stages 4, 5) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DRGs, PBS medications). In the Queensland CKD registry study, dominant contributors to inpatient costs included cardiovascular and CKD-related conditions [ 20 ]. CKD exists in the context of multimorbidity, and is both the “villain and victim” of related comorbidities such as hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although AusDiab was a national cohort study, there was only a very small proportion of First Nations participants (35 people, 0.6%) within its follow-up cohort [ 19 ]. More recently, CKD Queensland (CKD.QLD) published a registry study of hospitalisations and inpatient costs of pre-dialysis patients with CKD, and included 6.6% of First Nations participants [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Costs and healthcare use of patients with chronic kidney disease in the Northern Territory, Australia

Chen,

Howard,

Gorham

et al. 2024

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. This study aims to describe the healthcare use and associated costs of people at risk of CKD (e.g. acute kidney injury, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease) or living with CKD in the NT, from a healthcare funder perspective. Methods We included a retrospective cohort of patients at risk of, or living with CKD, on 1 January 2017. Patients on kidney replacement therapy were excluded from the study. Data from the Territory Kidney Care database, encompassing patients from public hospitals and primary health care services across the NT was used to conduct costing. Annual healthcare costs, including hospital, primary health care, medication, and investigation costs were described over a one-year follow-up period. Factors associated with high total annual healthcare costs were identified with a cost prediction model. Results Among 37,398 patients included in this study, 23,419 had a risk factor for CKD while 13,979 had CKD (stages 1 to 5, not on kidney replacement therapy). The overall mean (± SD) age was 45 years (± 17), and a large proportion of the study cohort were First Nations people (68%). Common comorbidities in the overall cohort included diabetes (36%), hypertension (32%), and coronary artery disease (11%). Annual healthcare cost was lowest in those at risk of CKD (AUD$7,958 per person) and highest in those with CKD stage 5 (AUD$67,117 per person). Inpatient care contributed to the majority (76%) of all healthcare costs. Predictors of increased total annual healthcare cost included more advanced stages of CKD, and the presence of comorbidities. In CKD stage 5, the additional cost per person per year was + $53,634 (95%CI 32,769 to 89,482, p < 0.001) compared to people in the at risk group without CKD. Conclusion The total healthcare costs in advanced stages of CKD is high, even when patients are not on dialysis. There remains a need for effective primary prevention and early intervention strategies targeting CKD and related chronic conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%