huntington library quarterly | vol. 77, no. 2 201 the emergent consumer economy of late seventeenth-century England troubled Restoration society. It may now be problematic to refer to a "commercial revolution" during those years, but various writers, from John Milton to anonymous pamphleteers, did note and fear an extraordinary expansion of acquisition and consumption. 1 These writers acknowledged the utility and necessity of trade but worried that the priorities of the market had come to trump all concerns of society and the state. The opposing view in what soon became a vehement debate over the virtues of the market and the value of unregulated trade was held by other writers and an array of pamphlet-writing economists. 2 They argued that unregulated trade would not only abstract This essay examines the changing views of John Egerton, second Earl of Bridgewater, of the emerging consumer economy of late seventeenth-century England. Robin Hermann analyzes the earl's accounts, correspondence, and other manuscripts to explore a revealing case of the post-Restoration encounter between the customary values of the aristocracy and the commercial interests of the merchant. Of particular interest is a "debt document, " a memorandum in which Bridgewater explains to himself and to his progeny the reasons for his crippling indebtedness. keywords: John Egerton, second Earl of Bridgewater; Charles II; Stop of the Exchequer; Sir Josiah Child; currency in early modern England