“…Hospitableness is the quality or state of being hospitable alongside the willingness to be hospitable for its own sake, without any expectation of recompense or reciprocity (Heal, 1990;Telfer, 1995Telfer, , 1996Derrida, 2000;Hemmington, 2007;Lashley, 2007Lashley, , 2014O'Gorman, 2007;Ariffin, 2013;Lugosi, 2014;Tasci et al, 2016;Lynch, 2017;Pijls et al, 2017;Filimoanu and Brown, 2018). Co-creation is seen by an initiative, or form of strategy, that brings different parties together (in this instancestaff, customers and managers of hospitality servicescapes), in order to jointly produce a hospitable experience (Marques et al, 2015;Chathoth et al, 2016;Dimitrios and Yeyen, 2019;Kim et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019;Shulgar and Busser, 2020).…”