Hospital resource utilisation from HPV-related diseases in England: a real-world cost analysis

Abstract

Background and objective HPV (human papillomavirus) is the virus most often responsible for sexually transmitted infections. The burden of HPV-related diseases on hospital resources represents a major public health problem. The objective of this study was to quantify the lifetime economic burden of HPV-related diseases based on hospital resources from the perspective of National Health Service (NHS) in England. Methods Patients’ data were extracted, anonymised and aggregated by NHS digital from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database of patients admitted in 2015 and followed for three years. Data on hospitalizations were identified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 CM). Health Resource Group (HRG) tariffs and National Reference Costs were used to estimate the hospitalization costs of anal, cervical, genital, oropharyngeal cancers as well as anogenital warts and cervical dysplasia. Results A total of 19,296 hospitalized patients were included in the estimation model, (39% was male and 61% female. At admission, the average age was 60 and 50 years old, respectively). Life-time costs per patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer were £16,911 (£17,142 for male and £16,334 for female), penile cancer £12,539, vaginal cancer £12,676, anal cancer £13.773 (£12,590 for male, £14,525 for female). Cervical cancer accounted for £12,721, whereas cervical dysplasia for £3932. Resource used for hospitalized patients with anogenital warts was equal to £872 (£884 and £856 for men and women, respectively). On average, outpatient accounted for 39% of the total lifetime costs. Conclusion The results of this study highlight that a substantial amount of resources is utilized for the treatment of HPV-related diseases at hospital level in England. These measures have the potential to inform policy decisions to ensure an optimal use of the NHS resources.

Hospitalization burden associated with anus and penis neoplasm in Spain (2016-2020)

“… 21 In contrast, a recent study in England revealed that hospitalization costs are greater for women than for men. 22 As of 2017 in Spain, the estimated annual cost of anal cancer attributed to infection from any type of HPV genotype was 4.42 million €, and the annual cost of penile cancer attributed to any type of HPV increased to 1.58 million euros. 23 Compared with the costs of hospitalization for other cancers, anal cancer in men and women and penile cancer in men represent a slightly lower cost than the estimated cost of cervical cancer in hospitalized women, 4,446€.…”

Attitudes toward an HPV vaccine for condyloma acuminata and willingness to undergo vaccination among STD clinic attendees in China: Focus on STI prevention with HPV vaccine

“…Our study data showed that patients with CA have a large financial burden of medical care, with the mean cost associated with diagnostics and treatment for CA per visit in Guangdong and Jiangsu being $509.55 and $625.27 respectively. A real-world cost analysis of England showed that lifetime costs per patient diagnosed with anogenital warts was equal to £872 (£884 and £856 for men and women, respectively) [ 27 ]. In Peru, given a population of 18.4 million adults between 18 and 60 years of age and a CA prevalence of 2.28%, the annual cost of treating CA was 25.1 million USD (uncertainty interval 16.9, 36.6) [ 28 ].…”

Recent Developments in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccinology

“…Genital warts are the most prevalent HPV-associated disease in men and are of substantial cost to the healthcare systems [ 90 , 91 ]. Oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers in men are often diagnosed late because there are no routine screening methods, and management is still being researched [ 92 , 93 , 94 ].…”