Hospital outcomes and costs for prostate cancer patients with comorbid heart failure by age group: An analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Abstract

Rationale, Aims, and ObjectivesThe prevalence of patients hospitalized with comorbid prostate cancer (PC) and heart failure (HF) has been steadily increasing. Both diseases share a set of common risk factors, with the most prominent being age. This study aimed to examine the outcomes and costs for patients with comorbid PC and HF, stratified by age.MethodsWe analyzed 41,340 hospitalization events of patients with PC using the US National Inpatient Sample from 2015 to 2018. Associations of HF with in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs per hospitalization were measured using multivariable logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and generalized linear regression with log‐link and gamma distribution, respectively, controlling for covariates. Subgroup analyses were performed for age groups <65 and ≥65.ResultsVisits of comorbid HF patients made up 2.3% (n = 952) of the PC study sample. Compared with PC patients without HF, those with HF had higher in‐hospital mortality rates (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.84, p = 0.085), longer hospital stays (incidence rate ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21–1.44, p < 0.001), and higher hospital costs (cost ratio = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07–1.27, p = 0.001), controlling for covariates. On average, this amounted to a higher in‐hospital mortality rate of 2.10%, an increased LOS of 1.73 days, and higher hospital costs of $2110 per patient. While in‐hospital mortality did not differ significantly in patients aged <65 (p = 0.900), patients aged ≥65 had a 41% increased risk of in‐hospital mortality compared with those without HF (p = 0.047).ConclusionsIn comparison to those without HF, PC patients with comorbid HF showed higher rates of in‐hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital costs, with mortality showing a significant difference exclusively in the ≥65 population. Effective management of older patients with PC is needed to improve outcomes and decrease costs.

Causal relationship between prostate cancer and cardiovascular diseases: Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization

“…Additionally, this comorbidity is related to an elevated mortality risk [31,32] . Moreover, in senior individuals, the coexistence of both PCa and HF is indicative of an unfavorable prognosis.…”