Hospital infestation by the cluster fly, Pollenia rudis sensu stricto Fabricius 1794 (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and its possible role in transmission of bacterial pathogens in Germany

Faulde, Michael; Sobe, D.; Burghardt, Harald; Wermter, R.

doi:10.1078/s1438-4639(04)70029-2

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…We observed that flying insects were present in all rooms of the pediatric ward selected for sampling insects and also inside the neonatal-ICU. Likewise, other studies conducted in different countries have demonstrated that dipteran insects can be found inside hospitals [1][2][3][4] . Smarova et al 7 found several other synanthropic arthropods inside several wards of a hospital but the most frequent were cockroaches and dipterans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Non-biting flying insects as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in a Brazilian hospital

Kappel

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Insects have been described as mechanical vectors of nosocomial infections. Methods: Non-biting flying insects were collected inside a pediatric ward and neonatal-intensive care unit (ICU) of a Brazilian tertiary hospital. Results: Most (86.4%) of them were found to carry one or more species of bacteria on their external surfaces. The bacteria isolated were Gram-positive bacilli (68.2%) or cocci (40.9%), and Gram-negative bacilli (18.2%). Conclusions: Insects collected inside a hospital were carrying pathogenic bacteria; therefore, one must consider the possibility they may act as mechanical vectors of infections, in especially for debilitated or immune-compromised patients in the hospital environments where the insects were collected.Keywords: Microorganisms. Insecta. Public Health.Some non-biting flying insects, particularly the common housefly (Musca domestica), have sporadically been described as possible mechanical vectors of agents of nosocomial infections because they may carry human pathogens and also due to their ubiquity including in the hospital environments 1-4 .In Brazil, there are some reports showing that ants and cockroaches harbor pathogens in hospitals 5,6 , but there is no report on non-biting flying insects. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on the external surface of flying insects collected inside a Brazilian health care institution.Flying insects were randomly collected in eight rooms of a pediatric ward and a neonatal intensive care unit (neonatal-ICU) of a Brazilian tertiary-care teaching hospital that has 290 beds. The insects were caught during their flight during different nights. Each insect collected was placed alive on to a 5% sheep blood agar plate, allowing contact of its external surface with the culture medium. After removing the insect using sterile forceps, the plate was incubated at 37 o C under aerobic conditions and was examined daily for bacterial growth. The insect samples were preserved in alcohol and subjected to entomological examination.The morphology of isolated bacteria was observed using Gram staining. The Gram-positive cocci (GPC) or Grampositive bacilli (GPB) were separately cultured on sheep blood agar and the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) on MacConkey agar for further identification in species by using standard bacteriological procedures.A total of 22 flying insects were collected: 5 (22.7%) were caught inside the neonatal-ICU and 17 (77.3%) in different rooms of the pediatric ward. They belonged to Diptera Linné,

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confidence: 99%

“…Some non-biting flying insects, particularly the common housefly (Musca domestica), have sporadically been described as possible mechanical vectors of agents of nosocomial infections because they may carry human pathogens and also due to their ubiquity including in the hospital environments [1][2][3][4] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-biting flying insects as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in a Brazilian hospital

Kappel

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…The potential for cluster flies to be a public health nuisance was seen here in the case of the reservoir water contamination, and a similar concern was investigated in a hospital that had been invaded by P. rudis (Faulde et al 2001). No bacteriologicallysterile cluster fly samples were obtained, but because an enrichment culture technique had to be used to provide bacteria sufficient in number for identification, cluster flies were considered, in this instance, to be a low health threat, although not one which should be neglected as far as human pathogens are concerned (Faulde et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…No bacteriologicallysterile cluster fly samples were obtained, but because an enrichment culture technique had to be used to provide bacteria sufficient in number for identification, cluster flies were considered, in this instance, to be a low health threat, although not one which should be neglected as far as human pathogens are concerned (Faulde et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cluster fly,Pollenia pseudorudisRognes, 1985 (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Its history and pest status in New Zealand

Heath¹,

Marris

Harris

2004

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…When cluster fl ies enter domestic or industrial premises, and particularly hospitals, the species is considered a pest due to the possible transmission of bacterial pathogens, and wherever it is possible, either biological, e.g. entomophilic nematodes (Barson et al, 1986), or chemical insecticides (Faulde et al, 2001) as control measures are applied against it. Besides, larvae of P. rudis are known as parasites of earthworms from several genera, Allolobophora, Eisenia, Lumbricus (Heath et al, 2004).…”

Section: Cluster Fl Y Pollenia Rudis (Fabricius) (Calliphoridae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractant for Vinegar Fly, Drosophila busckii, and Cluster Fly, Pollenia rudis (Diptera: Drosophilidae et Calliphoridae)

Būda

Radžiūtė

Lutovinovas

2009

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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A fi eld test carried out in an industrial greenhouse in Lithuania revealed the attractiveness of synthetic methyl salicylate (MeSa) to two dipteran species: the vinegar fl y, Drosophila busckii (Drosophilidae), and the cluster fl y, Pollenia rudis (Calliphoridae). The attractant for the former fl y species was especially effective, as sticky traps containing 0.25 ml of MeSa captured (814 ± 55) D. busckii fl ies/trap on average compared to (12 ± 4) fl ies/trap in control traps. The mean capture of P. rudis [(42 ± 4) fl ies/trap] was signifi cantly higher in MeSa-baited traps compared to the control traps [(13 ± 4) fl ies/trap]. The presence of MeSa in emissions of many fruits suitable for D. busckii feeding allows to attribute this attractant to kairomones. In case of P. rudis, MeSa should be attributed to synomones (compounds benefi cial for both receiver and sender), because adult fl ies feeding on fl owers act as pollinators. This is the fi rst report on the fi eld-active attractant for D. busckii and the second for P. rudis.

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Hospital infestation by the cluster fly, Pollenia rudis sensu stricto Fabricius 1794 (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and its possible role in transmission of bacterial pathogens in Germany

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Non-biting flying insects as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in a Brazilian hospital

Non-biting flying insects as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in a Brazilian hospital

A cluster fly,Pollenia pseudorudisRognes, 1985 (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Its history and pest status in New Zealand

Attractant for Vinegar Fly, Drosophila busckii, and Cluster Fly, Pollenia rudis (Diptera: Drosophilidae et Calliphoridae)

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