Hospital Incidence and Mortality Rates of Sepsis: An Analysis of Hospital Episode (DRG) Statistics in Germany From 2007 to 2013

Abstract

SUMMARYBackground: Sepsis, the most severe manifestation of acute infection, poses a major challenge to health care systems around the world. To date, adequate data on the incidence and mortality of sepsis in Germany have been lacking.

The Glyoxalase System and Methylglyoxal-Derived Carbonyl Stress in Sepsis: Glycotoxic Aspects of Sepsis Pathophysiology

“…Sepsis, defined as a “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection” [1], is characterized by an increasing incidence within the last decades and remains one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICUs) [2,3,4,5,6]. Although mortality rates declined [7] after the implementation of treatment protocols according to the recommendations of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign [8,9,10], overall mortality remains high with rates of 20%–50% causing considerable medical and economic challenges for both health systems and society [2,3,4,5,6].…”

“…Although mortality rates declined [7] after the implementation of treatment protocols according to the recommendations of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign [8,9,10], overall mortality remains high with rates of 20%–50% causing considerable medical and economic challenges for both health systems and society [2,3,4,5,6]. …”

Bacterial sepsis

“…For example, in retrospective works by Fleischmann et al [12] between 2007 and 2013, an annual increase in sepsis incidence of 5.7% was observed. Patient mortality was very high, up to 55% (47% without and 62% with shock; [12,13,16]). The multicentric prospective Incidence of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in German Intensive Care Units (INSEP; [17]) trial published in 2016 delivered similar results: 12.6% of participants had severe sepsis or septic shock (1503 from 11,883 patients).…”

“…Similar to the situation in stroke, myocardial infarction, and very severely injured patients (polytrauma), early diagnosis and treatment play a crucial role in sepsis. Increasing incidences during the past decade [12][13][14] have rendered sepsis a medical challenge in intensive care medicine [15]. Solid epidemiologic data on sepsis differ according to geography and due to the diversity of studies on the topic.…”

Effects of Blood Purification on Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cardiac Function in a Rat Model of Sepsis

“…At present, sepsis is caused by bacteria, fungus, parasite, virus, and other pathogens, and it may be induced by endotoxin or exotoxin. Clinical severity of sepsis could not be classified by different causative pathogens [6]. Therefore, the etiology of sepsis is still uncertain.…”