Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms

Abstract

BackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great variability of symptoms that affect all organs and systems of the body has been identified in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; this symptomatology can sometimes persist over time, giving rise to the so-called long COVID or post-COVID. The aim of this study is to delve into the clinical characterization of these patients, as well as to take into account the influence of factors such as hospitalization, admission to ICU, history of pneumonia, or vaccination status on the persistence of symptoms.Material and methodsAn observational, descriptive, multicenter, and retrospective study was designed with a series of cases of people who presented long COVID, which includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Data were obtained from an online ad hoc questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software Version 25 (IBM-Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsHospitalization, ICU admission, history of pneumonia, and vaccination were predictive factors (positive or negative) for the following long-COVID symptoms: headache, menstrual disorders, joint pain, cough, chills, nasal congestion, back pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, eye discomfort, facial erythema, itching, tremors, dizziness, seizures, sleeping difficulty, dry eyes, palpitations, fatigue, paresthesia, dyspnea, aphonia, chest pain, high blood pressure, vomiting, memory loss, brain fog, hypothermia, low blood pressure, sputum or phlegm, lack of concentration, hair loss, and erectile dysfunction.ConclusionThis study provides evidence on the clinical characterization of patients suffering from long COVID in order to offer them the most appropriate treatments.

Evaluation of the Association of Fatigue Syndrome with Levels of Key Inflammatory Markers and Various Medical Interventions in Long-COVID and Post-COVID Patients

“…В испанском исследовании, включавшем 681 пациента, отмечена защитная роль вакцинации в отношении последствий COVID-19 в целом и синдрома усталости в частности [14]. Ретроспективный анализ медицинской документации 240 648 человек выявил, что вакцинированные лица в 7-10 раз реже сообщали о симптомах «долгого» COVID-19 [15].…”

Cognitive Symptoms of Post–COVID-19 Condition and Daily Functioning

“…23 Still, the extent to which findings from early in the pandemic remain applicable to later infections is unknown, particularly as the risk of cognitive symptoms after COVID-19 may not have been stable through the course of the pandemic. 13,24,25 To better understand the nature and correlates of cognitive symptoms in post-COVID-19 condition, we applied data from 2 waves of a 50-state US survey to characterize these symptoms among individuals who describe post-COVID-19 condition in comparison with those who report full recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data were collected from 14 767 individuals between December 22, 2022, and May 5, 2023, as part of a survey that contains questions on a broad array of topics, not solely COVID-19, to mitigate at least in part selection bias.…”

“…Most recently, an association between self-reported cognitive impairment and unemployment in a survey-based design was reported . Still, the extent to which findings from early in the pandemic remain applicable to later infections is unknown, particularly as the risk of cognitive symptoms after COVID-19 may not have been stable through the course of the pandemic …”

“… 23 Still, the extent to which findings from early in the pandemic remain applicable to later infections is unknown, particularly as the risk of cognitive symptoms after COVID-19 may not have been stable through the course of the pandemic. 13 , 24 , 25 …”

“…23 Still, the extent to which findings from early in the pandemic remain applicable to later infections is unknown, particularly as the risk of cognitive symptoms after COVID-19 may not have been stable through the course of the pandemic. 13,24,25 To better understand the nature and correlates of cognitive symptoms in post-COVID-19 condition, we applied data from 2 waves of a 50-state US survey to characterize these symptoms…”