Horsetails are the sister group to all other monilophytes and Marattiales are sister to leptosporangiate ferns

Knie, Nils; Fischer, Simon; Grewe, Felix; Polsakiewicz, Monika; Knoop, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.008

Cited by 56 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…1), a paralog in the rpl2 gene previously identified in the mtDNA of the lycophyte Phlegmariurus squarrosus (Liu et al 2012), previously labeled Huperzia squarrosa and renamed by Field and Bostock (2013), and in seed plants, including the gymnosperm Cycas taitungensis (Chaw et al 2008). The mitochondrial rpl2 gene, encoding protein 2 of the large ribosomal subunit and its intron rpl2i846g2 were recently found conserved in a wide sampling of monilophytes (Knie et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of rpl2i846g2 in monilophytes is near-universally conserved between 724 bp (in Anemia) and 788 bp (in Salvinia) except for unique size extensions, mainly in domain IV, of the Ophioglossaceae, e.g., 1655 bp in Ophioglossum petiolatum (Knie et al 2015). Like in rps1i25g2, no traces indicating a previous existence of a maturase-like reading frame are discernible in any of the fern intron rpl2i846g2 homologs.…”

Section: The Rpl2 Locusmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Like in rps1i25g2, no traces indicating a previous existence of a maturase-like reading frame are discernible in any of the fern intron rpl2i846g2 homologs. Independent losses of intron rpl2i846g2 are hitherto only found in Equisetum bogotense (Knie et al 2015) and Mimulus guttatus (Mower et al 2012).…”

Section: The Rpl2 Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic overview on the mitochondrial rpl2 and rps1 genes and their respective introns in land plants. The rpl2 gene is present in the mitochondrial genomes of liverworts, mosses, the lycophyte Phlegmariurus squarrosus (Liu et al 2012), in monilophytes (Knie et al 2015), and in most spermatophytes (Adams et al 2001(Adams et al , 2002Adams and Palmer 2003). In hornworts (Li et al 2009;Xue et al 2010), lycophytes Isoetes engelmannii (Grewe et al 2009 and Selaginella moellendorffii (Hecht et al 2011) rpl2 genes are absent from the mtDNA, indicating transfer to the nucleus.…”

Section: Losses Of Mitochondrial Group II Introns In the Basal Monilomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In hornworts (Li et al 2009;Xue et al 2010), lycophytes Isoetes engelmannii (Grewe et al 2009 and Selaginella moellendorffii (Hecht et al 2011) rpl2 genes are absent from the mtDNA, indicating transfer to the nucleus. Intron rpl2i846g2 is present in all tracheophytes where rpl2 is retained in the mtDNA with the exception of independent losses in Mimulus guttatus (Mower et al 2012) and Equisetum bogotense (Knie et al 2015). Liverworts carry the unrelated intron rpl2i28g2 in their mitochondrial rpl2 genes.…”

Section: Losses Of Mitochondrial Group II Introns In the Basal Monilomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monilophyte mitochondrial rps1 genes carry a unique group II intron that likely originated from an ancient paralog in rpl2

Knie

Grewe

Knoop

2016

RNA

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Intron patterns in plant mitochondrial genomes differ significantly between the major land plant clades. We here report on a new, clade-specific group II intron in the rps1 gene of monilophytes (ferns). This intron, rps1i25g2, is strikingly similar to rpl2i846g2 previously identified in the mitochondrial rpl2 gene of seed plants, ferns, and the lycophyte Phlegmariurus squarrosus. Although mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes are frequently subject to endosymbiotic gene transfer among plants, we could retrieve the mitochondrial rps1 gene in a taxonomically wide sampling of 44 monilophyte taxa including basal lineages such as the Ophioglossales, Psilotales, and Marattiales with the only exception being the Equisetales (horsetails). Introns rps1i25g2 and rpl2i846g2 were likewise consistently present with only two exceptions: Intron rps1i25g2 is lost in the genus Ophioglossum and intron rpl2i846g2 is lost in Equisetum bogotense. Both intron sequences are moderately affected by RNA editing. The unprecedented primary and secondary structure similarity of rps1i25g2 and rpl2i846g2 suggests an ancient retrotransposition event copying rpl2i846g2 into rps1, for which we suggest a model. Our phylogenetic analysis adding the new rps1 locus to a previous data set is fully congruent with recent insights on monilophyte phylogeny and further supports a sister relationship of Gleicheniales and Hymenophyllales.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Rpl2 Locusmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Rpl2 Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Losses Of Mitochondrial Group II Introns In the Basal Monilomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Losses Of Mitochondrial Group II Introns In the Basal Monilomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Monilophyte mitochondrial rps1 genes carry a unique group II intron that likely originated from an ancient paralog in rpl2

Knie

Grewe

Knoop

2016

RNA

Self Cite

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Phylogeny and Evolution of Vascular Plants

Qiu

2018

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Vascular plants play a major role in global carbon cycling and are of fundamental importance to life on earth. Over the last half‐century, phylogenetic studies of morphological and molecular data have brought tremendous progress in our understanding of origin, phylogeny and evolution of these plants. It is clear that they evolved from a bryophytic ancestor, which likely resembles hornworts in the modern earth flora. Among all living vascular plants, lycophytes represent the first diverging lineage. Ferns and other free‐sporing vascular plants make up a clade called monilophytes, which are sister to seed plants. Extant gymnosperms form a monophyletic group in most molecular studies, but this result may need further investigation as morphological support is lacking. Among living angiosperms, Amborella , Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales have been unequivocally demonstrated to represent the oldest lineages, a result that will facilitate solving Darwin's abominable mystery – the origin of angiosperms. Key Concepts Origin of vascular plants: Current phylogenetic and fossil evidence tends to support bryophytes as a paraphyletic group and thus vascular plants originated from a bryophytic ancestor. Phylogeny and evolution of life cycle in land plants: The bryophytic origin of vascular plants supports antithetic theory: The multicellular diploid sporophyte generation in land plants was an interpolation of a new structure derived from delay of meiosis in the life cycle, and continuously increased as plants evolved, eventually outweighing the haploid gametophyte generation. Relationships among early vascular plants: The long‐standing issue of how several relictual vascular plant lineages are related to each other have been finally resolved, with lycophytes representing the oldest living member of vascular plants and Equisetum being sister to a group composed of Psilotaceae and eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns. Monilophytes and origin of seed plants: Among extant free‐sporing vascular plants, Equisetum , Psilotaceae and ferns together make up a monophyletic group called monilophytes, which is sister to seed plants. The first angiosperms: Among all living angiosperms, Amborella , a shrub from New Caledonia, and Nymphaeales represent the basalmost lineages and they could offer some clues to what the first angiosperms looked like. Phylogenomics and phylogeny: The colossal amount of information that is being unearthed from genomes is enabling a new quantum leap in phylogenetics and evolutionary biology, but the data need to be carefully and rigorously analysed so that the results are not simply trees with high statistical support, and instead can withstand repeated falsification tests.

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Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

Elgorriaga

Escapa

Rothwell

et al. 2018

American J of Botany

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Modern horsetails are not nested within calamitaceans; instead, both groups have explored independent evolutionary trajectories since the Carboniferous. Diverse fossil taxon sampling helps to shed light on the position and relationships of equisetalean lineages, of which only a tiny remnant is present within the extant flora. Understanding these relationships and early character configurations of ancient plant clades as Equisetales provide useful tests of hypotheses about overall phylogenetic relationships of euphyllophytes and foundations for future tests of molecular dates with paleontological data.

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Horsetails are the sister group to all other monilophytes and Marattiales are sister to leptosporangiate ferns

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Monilophyte mitochondrial rps1 genes carry a unique group II intron that likely originated from an ancient paralog in rpl2

Monilophyte mitochondrial rps1 genes carry a unique group II intron that likely originated from an ancient paralog in rpl2

Phylogeny and Evolution of Vascular Plants

Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

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