Horsetail (Equisetum hyemale) Extract Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats by Modulating IL-10 and MCP-1 Release and Collagen Synthesis

Abstract

Traditionally, Equisetum hyemale has been used for wound healing. However, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. For this purpose, a 40% ethanolic extract of E. hyemale was prepared. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of minerals, sterols, phenolic acids, flavonols, a lignan, and a phenylpropenoid. The extract reduced the viability of RAW 264.7 cells and skin fibroblasts at all times evaluated. On the third day of treatment, this reduction was 30–40% and 15–40%, respectively. In contrast, the extract increased the proliferation of skin fibroblasts only after 48 h. In addition, the extract increased IL-10 release and inhibited MCP-1 release. However, the extract did not affect both TGF-β1 and TNF-α released by RAW 264.7 cells. The higher release of IL-10 could be related to the up-/downregulation of inflammatory pathways mediated by the extract components associated with their bioactivity. The extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Topical application of the extract accelerated wound healing in diabetic rats by increasing fibroblast collagen synthesis. These results suggest that E. hyemale extract has great potential for use in the treatment of wounds thanks to its phytochemical composition that modulates cytokine secretion, collagen synthesis, and bacterial growth.

Microcurrent Cloth-Assisted Transdermal Penetration and Follicular Ducts Escape of Curcumin-Loaded Micelles for Enhanced Wound Healing

“…IL-10 is considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine that improves the transition of injured tissue from the inflammatory phase to the proliferative phase. 75 In this experiment, increased expression of IL-10 was not observed in most groups, as shown in Figure 9B . In contrast, a significant improvement in IL-10 expression was observed in all microcurrent cloth treatment groups, microcurrent groups, Cur+M, and CM-L+M.…”

Special Issue “Ethnopharmacology in Latin America”

“…This Special Issue, “Ethnopharmacology in Latin America”, enriches scientific knowledge of the medicinal plants of Latin America. The scientific studies herein investigate traditional medicine for sources of compounds for treating the chronic diseases that affect Latin America, such as wounds in diabetic patients [ 8 ], anxiety and depression [ 9 ], gynecological disorders, such as vulvovaginitis and endometriosis [ 10 , 11 ], and metabolic syndrome [ 12 ]. The scientific works in this Special Issue focus on providing solutions for current chronic diseases in this region.…”

“…Five of the eleven works published in this Special Issue focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of a pharmaceutical formulation (a vaginal gel) [ 10 ] and nanoemulsions containing plant extracts [ 8 , 11 , 13 ] and their active compounds [ 14 ]. All these formulations, plant extracts, and compounds increased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide.…”

“…In some studies [ 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 ], the extraction of medicinal plants was carried out through the use of solvents, like ethanol and water, used in traditional medicine, whereas other studies used organic solvents like acetone and dichloromethane [ 10 , 14 ]. This type of decision affects the type of compounds that can be obtained and identified.…”

“…This type of decision affects the type of compounds that can be obtained and identified. Medicinal plants were chemically standardized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [ 8 , 9 ] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [ 8 , 12 , 13 ]. The reported secondary metabolites were phytosterols and flavonols [ 8 ], fatty acid [ 9 ], flavonoid glycosides [ 12 , 13 ], caffeic acid derivates [ 12 ], and terpenes [ 14 ].…”