Horseshoe Kidney, A Study of Thirty-two Autopsy and Nine Surgical Cases

Nation, Earl F.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)70210-8

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus the incidence for horseshoe kidney among patients with renal pelvic carcinoma in that series was 1 in 50. The reported incidence for horseshoe kidney in the general population has varied from 1 in 353 (Dees, 1941) to 1 in 468 (Nation, 1945). Comparison of these rates with the rate found in our series lends support to the assertion of Blackard and Mellinger (1968) of an increased incidence of renal pelvic tumours in horseshoe kidneys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Horseshoe Kidney: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

Murphy

Zincke

1982

British Journal of Urology

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Summary— Horseshoe kidney is the most frequent abnormality of renal fusion and can be complicated by urinary stasis, resulting in infection and calculus formation. Adenocarcinoma is not uncommon, but transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis occurs more frequently in horseshoe than in non‐fused kidneys. Twenty‐two cases of carcinoma of the renal pelvis of horseshoe kidneys have been reported. We add 3 more.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Horseshoe Kidney: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

Murphy

Zincke

1982

British Journal of Urology

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“…In this study, we examined the cause of the phenotypes displayed by the Foxd1 -/-kidney, including pelvic kidneys and disorganization of the ureteric and nephrogenic compartments. Indeed, the presence of fused kidneys in the Foxd1 -/-embryo is of particular interest because of the prevalent urological condition this represents in humans -about one in 400-600 live births (Nation, 1945;Weizer et al, 2003). We propose a novel explanation for kidney fusion: defects in the stromal cell population result in the inability of the kidneys to detach from the body wall or separate from the midline.…”

Section: Loss Of Foxd1 Expression Results In Fused Kidneys Due To Capmentioning

confidence: 92%

Foxd1-dependent signals control cellularity in the renal capsule, a structure required for normal renal development

et al. 2005

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Development of the metanephric kidney involves the establishment of discrete zones of induction and differentiation that are crucial to the future radial patterning of the organ. Genetic deletion of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxd1, results in striking renal abnormalities, including the loss of these discrete zones and pelvic fused kidneys. We have investigated the molecular and cellular basis of the kidney phenotypes displayed by Foxd1-null embryos and report here that they are likely to be caused by a failure in the correct formation of the renal capsule. Unlike the single layer of Foxd1-positive stroma that comprises the normal renal capsule, the mutant capsule contains heterogeneous layers of cells, including Bmp4-expressing cells, which induce ectopic phospho-Smad1 signaling in nephron progenitors. This missignaling disrupts their early patterning,which, in turn, causes mispatterning of the ureteric tree, while delaying and disorganizing nephrogenesis. In addition, the defects in capsule formation prevent the kidneys from detaching from the body wall, thus explaining their fusion and pelvic location. For the first time, functions have been ascribed to the renal capsule that include delineation of the organ and acting as a barrier to inappropriate exogenous signals, while providing a source of endogenous signals that are crucial to the establishment of the correct zones of induction and differentiation.

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“…4. (a-d where the prevalence indicated for HKs was 1 : 350 [25] and 1 : 468 [26,27] and for CFEs was 1 : 7653 [1] and 1 : 1000 [2]. It can thus be inferred that CT is the imaging method of choice if depiction of the exact morphology is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney fusion anomalies revisited: clinical and radiological analysis of 209 cases of crossed fused ectopia and horseshoe kidney

Glodny¹,

Petersen²,

Hofmann³

et al. 2008

BJU International

166

126

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OBJECTIVE To analyse the morphological appearance of horseshoe kidneys (HKs) and crossed fused ectopia (CFE) and to assess the frequency and clinical significance of associated anomalies and diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS The findings and images of 209 patients with fused kidneys (FKs) were reviewed; in all, 244 scans from computed tomography (CT), 233 ultrasonograms and 89 micturition cysto‐urethrograms, urograms, magnetic resonance images and angiograms were taken. RESULTS HKs (found in one of 474 abdominal CT scans) and CFEs (found in one of 3078 CT scans) showed a high variability of vasculature that could not be classified. However, some generalized conclusions were possible about the renal vasculature (430 arteries in 103 kidneys). Variants of the most cephalad artery of both sides were rare. The second artery on the right had a pre‐caval course. The origins of vessels located further caudal were more ventral. CFEs were anatomically different from HKs with respect to lower position, greater axial rotation, smaller pelvic width, more caudal origin, and fewer vessels, but not in accompanying anomalies. Severe anomalies or malformations were found in 23% of patients, with half of them in the urogenital system. Malformations were found considerably more often in children than in adults. There was no increased incidence of diseases such as stones or inflammation of the renal pelvis. CONCLUSION Concomitant anomalies and diseases were equally frequent for HK and CFE, but less frequent than generally assumed. Individual cases of complex anatomical situations require special examination strategies, and CT appears to be the most reliable imaging method.

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Horseshoe Kidney, A Study of Thirty-two Autopsy and Nine Surgical Cases

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Horseshoe Kidney: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Horseshoe Kidney: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

Foxd1-dependent signals control cellularity in the renal capsule, a structure required for normal renal development

Kidney fusion anomalies revisited: clinical and radiological analysis of 209 cases of crossed fused ectopia and horseshoe kidney

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