Horse Conceptuses Secrete Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 31

Herrler, Andreas; Pell, J. M.; Allen, William R.; Beier, Henning M.; Stewart, Francesca

doi:10.1095/biolreprod62.6.1804

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…IGF1 is known to be present in the yolk sac fluid of the conceptus, in uterine flush fluid, and in the endometrium of mares between days 12 and 18 of pregnancy (Salute & Tucker 1992, Walters et al 2001) and the equine conceptus is known to bind IGFs at least from day 10 after ovulation (Herrler et al 2000). The equine conceptus also produces significant quantities of estrogen from day 12 (Flood et al 1979, Heap et al 1982, Raeside et al 2004).…”

Section: Embryogenesis After Asynchronous Embryo Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine influences on embryogenesis and early placentation in the horse revealed by transfer of day 10 embryos to day 3 recipient mares

Wilsher¹,

Allen²

2009

Reproduction

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Eight day 10 horse embryos were transferred non-surgically to recipient mares that had ovulated 7 days after the donors. The embryonic vesicle was seen ultrasonographically in all eight recipients, and three out of eight (38%) of the vesicles developed an embryo proper with a beating heart. Conceptus expansion was initially slower than that in control mares but continued until day 22 (recipient day 15). Time of fixation of the vesicle was related to its diameter, rather than uterine stage. Although the embryo proper first appeared ultrasonographically on day 22, as normal, it grew more slowly and the allantois expanded more slowly than that in control mares with normal pregnancies. The development of endometrial cups and their secretion of equine chorionic gonadotropin in the two mares allowed to remain pregnant to O50 days occurred at a conceptus age w7 days later than that in the control mares. The results demonstrated the uniqueness of the horse conceptus in being able to overcome a 7-day asynchrony with the uterus, and also highlighted the overriding influence of the uterine environment on conceptus development in the mare.

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Section: Embryogenesis After Asynchronous Embryo Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine influences on embryogenesis and early placentation in the horse revealed by transfer of day 10 embryos to day 3 recipient mares

Wilsher¹,

Allen²

2009

Reproduction

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“…Immunodetection methods were used to show that horse embryos produce IGFBP3 by themselves and secrete it towards the maternal side, i.e. it is detectable within the coats [Herrler et al, 2000] (fig. 6).…”

Section: Embryonic Coats -A Mailbox Of Early Embryo-maternal Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently it has been reported that HB-EGF significantly increases blastocyst formation of human embryos in in vitro culture Sargent et al, 1998]. The presence of HB-EGF in embryos of this stage might explain the extreme expansion seen in horse embryos from day 10 onwards (43.8 B 17.2 to 75.0 B 21.5 mm 3 within 4 h) [Herrler et al, 2000].…”

Section: Function Of Embryonic Coatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Embryonic Coats: Morphology, Function, Practical Applications

Herrler

Beier²

2000

Cells Tissues Organs

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Mammalian egg and embryo coats are primarily represented by the zona pellucida which, however, undergoes biochemical and structural changes during fertilization and embryo development. It serves several functions, from ovulation until shortly before implantation. Initially the zona pellucida induces sperm-oocyte interaction, acrosome reaction and prevents polyspermy. Later, it prevents disaggregation of the noncompacted blastomeres and the premature attachment to the oviductal and endometrial surface. Additionally, it protects the embryo against toxins and xenobiotics, as well as bacteria, viruses and phagocytes. As the embryo is covered by the zona pellucida until immediately before implantation, all signals of embryo-maternal signalling have to pass the zona and are detectable within it. Logically we may define the zona pellucida as a mailbox of the embryo-maternal signalling, especial for investigating these messages. Oviductal, uterine and embryonic proteins are incorporated into the zona pellucida as embryonic development goes on and change the zona’s morphological and biochemical properties. Whether a protein is able to penetrate the zona, whether it accumulates within the zona or whether it is rejected by the zona depends on its biochemical properties. Three specific proteins have been detected within the embryonic coats (IGFBP3, HB-EGF, P19). New insights into the physiology of the zona pellucida might present new achievements in the in vitro culture of embryos, and present new aspects as to how to prevent zona hardening. Furthermore, knowledge of the zona proteins enables the development of immunocontraceptive vaccines. Consequently, the zona pellucida is not only significant with regard to fertilization, but also during early embryonic development. Investigations of the zona pellucida will yield new insights into early embryo-maternal signalling which in turn may lead to improvements in classic IVF and new approaches to in vitro culture.

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“…Equine yolk-sac wall tissues before fixation express unusually large amounts of the GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) implicated in transport and catabolism of glycolipids (Quinn et al 2006). They also produce insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 that binds insulin-like growth factor which is important for embryonic development (Herrler et al 2000a). At the same time, a selectively permeable capsule composed largely of polysaccharides might shield embryonic antigens from immune rejection (Betteridge 1989) before non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 expression and other immunoregulatory mechanisms prevent the rejection of paternal alloantigens in the invading trophoblast (Hunt et al 2005, Trowsdale & Betz 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in major proteins in the embryonic capsule during immobilization (fixation) of the conceptus in the third week of pregnancy in the mare

Quinn

Hayes²,

Waelchli³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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During the third week of pregnancy, the equine conceptus is enclosed within a capsule, the glycan composition of which changes at around day 16 (ovulationZday 0) when the conceptus becomes immobilized (fixed) in the uterine lumen. Our objective was to characterize the process of fixation by identifying changes in major capsule-associated proteins. Individual equine conceptuses (nZ55) were collected transcervically by uterine lavage between days 13.5 and 26.5. Major proteins extracted from capsules were compared with those in fluids from the uterus and yolk sac by SDS-PAGE. Until day 14, a major capsule-associated protein that migrated at w10 kDa was identified by N-terminal sequencing as equine b2 microglobulin (b2M). During fixation, b2M in the capsule underwent limited proteolysis to an w8 kDa form lacking nine amino acids from the N terminus, and was subsequently degraded. Expression of b2M mRNA was detected in the yolk-sac wall tissues and endometrium between days 13.5 and 17.5. During this period, b2M in the capsule was evidently not part of a complex with major histocompatibility complex class 1 heavy a chain bands because these were undetectable in the capsule and uterine lavage. Uterocalin (p19) was detected in uterine lavage and capsule throughout fixation, but in yolk-sac fluid only before fixation. These studies indicate that intact b2M is a major protein associated with the embryonic capsule before fixation, after which it undergoes limited proteolysis to a truncated w8 kDa form that remains in the capsule after the conceptus is immobilized.

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Horse Conceptuses Secrete Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 31

Cited by 30 publications

References 62 publications

Uterine influences on embryogenesis and early placentation in the horse revealed by transfer of day 10 embryos to day 3 recipient mares

Uterine influences on embryogenesis and early placentation in the horse revealed by transfer of day 10 embryos to day 3 recipient mares

Early Embryonic Coats: Morphology, Function, Practical Applications

Changes in major proteins in the embryonic capsule during immobilization (fixation) of the conceptus in the third week of pregnancy in the mare

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