Hormones in wheat kernels during embryony

Hess, J. Richard; Carman, John G.; Banowetz, Gary M.

doi:10.1078/0176-1617-00718

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This result was highly consistent with that observed in wheat where IAA increased rapidly and reached their highest points during the soft-dough stage (Hess et al 2002). Similarly with CKs, the heights and timings of such peaks were regulated by N nutrition status, with high N being associated with lower peaks and their later appearance, and soil drying hastened decline in grain IAA contents at the late grain-filling stage (Yang et al 2001).…”

Section: Auxinsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Hess et al (2002) reported that the grain CK levels [[30 lmol kg -1 dry mass (DM)] in ovules is high during early embryony (0-7 DPA) and significantly higher than ABA and IAA, coinciding with early embryo and endosperm cell divisions (Hess et al 2002). By initiating rapid cell division, the high level of CKs probably enhances sink strength (Hess et al 2002;Yang et al 2002).…”

Section: Cytokinins (Cks)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Auxin is an important signal in the cereal endosperm and embryo development and this may be due to its ability to establish embryo polarity (Hess et al 2002), stimulate endoreduplication in endosperm (Lur and Setter 1993), and cell division (Yang et al 2003b). …”

Section: Auxinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…By initiating rapid cell division, the high level of CKs probably enhances sink strength (Hess et al 2002;Yang et al 2002). At the soft-dough stage and thereafter, CKs content gradually decreased (Hess et al 2002). CKs homeostasis regulated by their gene family members during reproductive development will contribute to grain yield and quality (Song et al 2012).…”

Section: Cytokinins (Cks)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal transduction during wheat grain development

Kong

Guo

Sun

2015

Planta

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This review examines the signaling pathways from the developmental and environmental point of view and the interactions among external conditions, hormonal regulations, and sugarsensing in wheat. Grain development is the key phase of reproductive growth that is closely associated with vegetative organ senescence, initiation of grain filling, pre-stored assimilates remobilization, and maturation. Senescence is characterized by loss of chlorophyll and the degradation of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids as well as nutrient exports to the sink. The initiation and progression of vegetative organ senescence are under the control of an array of environmental signals (such as biotic and abiotic stresses, darkness, and nutrient availability) and endogenous factors (including aging, multiple hormones, and sugar availability). This review will discuss the major breakthroughs in signal transduction for the wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain development achieved in the past several years, with focuses on the regulation of senescence, reserves remobilization and biosynthesis of main components of the grain. Different mechanisms of diverse signals in controlling different phrases of wheat grain development, and cross talks between different signaling pathways will also be discussed. For perspectives, key signaling networks for grain development remain to be elucidated, including cross talks and the interactions between various environmental factors and internal signals.

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Section: Auxinsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Cytokinins (Cks)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Auxinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cytokinins (Cks)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Signal transduction during wheat grain development

Kong

Guo

Sun

2015

Planta

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“…It was suggested that the level of male sterility is related to the loss of endogenous hormone especially, IAA. Hess et al (2002) quantified the hormones in the developing embryo and ovules in wheat and found that IAA content remained low through 9 days post anthesis (DPA) at about 6 μmol kg They were of the opinion that these hormonal changes may be involved in the co-ordinated development of embryos in ovule. Saha et al (1980) reported that the total photosynthetic area above the flag leaf node, comprising leaf sheath, flag leaf, peduncle and head, was highly correlated with grain yield per ear and among them, the highest correlation was found for flag leaf area.…”

Section: Hormonal Regulation Of Grain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on endogenous hormonal changes during grain development in wheat genotypes

Gutam¹

2017

Preprint

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Pot culture experiment was conducted in the Rabi seasons of 2001 and 2002 in order to study the genotypic differences in grain growth rates and endogenous hormonal contents in the developing grains. The hexaploid new plant types and extant variety and other tetraploids are taken up for the study. The data on yield and yield components show that the tetraploids had higher ear number per plant but lesser number of seeds per ear and lower seed weight per ear. The most important yield component 1000-grain yield was also possessed by hexaploids. The mean plant height was found to be higher in hexaploids over tetraploids in general, and among them DL- 1266-1 and DL-1266-2 (new plant types) recorded higher plant height. Similarly, the ear length was also higher in these new plant types. But, the tiller number/plant and ear number/plant were significantly higher in tetraploids. The new plant types (hexaploids) possessed maximum grain growth rate at 5–15 DAA. DL-1266-2 recorded highest grain growth rate 0.093 g/g/day. The photosynthetic rate values show that the hexaploids possessed higher rate than tetraploids. At 7 and 15 DAA, in general, photosynthetic rate was more when compared to 25 DAA and 35 DAA. The results showed that the endogenous hormonal contents in grains during grain development had changed in sequence. At 7 DAA, gibberellic acid (GA3) content was at maximum and at 15 DAA (rapid growth phase), indole-acetic acid (IAA) reached maximum and at 25 DAA (dough stage), ABA was at the maximum. At the 35 DAA, ABA reached all time high and GA3 the least, IAA being intermediate. Among the genotypes, hexaploids recorded higher concentrations of endogenous hormones. The total chlorophyll content in flag leaves of hexaploids was higher than tetraploids. The mean total chlorophyll had increased slightly at 20 DAA when compared to 10 DAA and it decreased at 30 DAA. It appears that the high yielding hexaploids (DL-1266-1 & Dl- 1266-2) by the virtue of possessing more 1000-grain weight and leaf area along with endogenous hormones might be responsible for higher yield as compared to tetraploids. It appears that better photosynthetic rate and better mobilization of photosynthates during grain filling stage contributes for higher yield in hexaploids.

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The role of genetic diversity and pre‐breeding traits to improve drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat at the reproductive stage

Shokat,

Großkinsky,

Singh

et al. 2023

Food and Energy Security

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Extreme weather including heat waves and drought episodes are expected to increase in intensity and duration due to climate change. Wheat, being a major crop is under extreme threat to these stresses especially at the reproductive stage. This review addresses the potential of diverse wheat germplasm (originated from landraces and synthetic derivatives) to cope with drought and heat stress at the flowering stage. Here, important marker‐trait associations were reported for sustainable grain production under drought and heat stress at anthesis. Likewise, the mechanisms of drought and heat resilience including gene expression and physiological traits (activities of carbohydrate metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, and endogenous hormonal responses) were explored. These studies helped to understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance and certain pre‐breeding traits related to osmotic adjustment, phytohormonal regulation, antioxidant metabolism, and the expression of novel genes were identified. Moreover, identified pre‐breeding traits and genotypes can be utilized in breeding wheat cultivars resilient to future adverse environments.

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Hormones in wheat kernels during embryony

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Signal transduction during wheat grain development

Signal transduction during wheat grain development

Studies on endogenous hormonal changes during grain development in wheat genotypes

The role of genetic diversity and pre‐breeding traits to improve drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat at the reproductive stage

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