Hormones in pain modulation and their clinical implications for pain control: a critical review

Abstract

Recently, more and more studies have found that pain generation, transmission and modulation are under hormonal regulation. Indeed, hormonal dysregulation is a common component of chronic pain syndromes. Studies have attempted to determine whether the relationship between the pain and its perception and hormones is a causative relationship and how these processes interrelate. This review summarizes and analyzes the current experimental data and provides an overview of the studies addressing these questions. The relationship between pain perception and endocrine effects suggests that hormones can be used as important biomarkers of chronic pain syndromes and/or be developed into therapeutic agents in the fight against pain.

Hipotireoidismo subclínico e cefaleias

“…(1) Estudos levantaram a presença de um potencial efeito neuromodulatório dos hormônios tireoidianos sobre o sistema GABAérgico. (25) É possível que alguns indivíduos apresentem esta sensibilidade mesmo em uma fase muito precoce de disfunção tireoidiana, o que poderia justificar a dor dos pacientes com HSC, e o efeito do tratamento desses pacientes poderia virtualmente exercer impacto sobre esse sistema, ocasionando alívio da dor e sensação de bem-estar geral. Estudos têm defendido o tratamento de pacientes com HSC porque admitem que esses pacientes podem experimentar melhores escores de qualidade de vida e melhora de sintomas.…”

Hormone replacement therapy for chronic tinnitus in menopausal women: Our experience with 13 cases

“…Sleep disturbance is one of the most significant complaints of patients with tinnitus, and evidence shows that insomnia is associated with more distressing tinnitus. A recent study summarised the role of hormones in the mechanism of chronic pain, which is often used as an analogue of tinnitus. This field of research definitely warrants further investigation in the future.…”

The use of non-pharmacological adjuvant therapies for cancer pain: a narrative review in the context of dance

“…Several hormones modulate pain, such as proopiomelanocortin, adrenocorticotropin and endorphins, thyroid system hormones, growth hormones, prolactin, melatonin, insulin, calcitonin, somatomedin, somatostatin, histamine, and vasopressin. The relationship between perceived pain and its endocrine effects suggests that hormones can act as critical biomarkers for chronic pain syndromes and be developed as therapeutic agents for reducing pain (Chen et al, 2016).…”