Hormones in Milk: Their Presence and Possible Physiological Significance

Koldovský, Otakar; Bedrick, Alan D.; Pollack, Paul; Rao, R.K.; Thornburg, William

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0837-7_20

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…How¬ ever, given that the apical endocytic complex is a pre¬ requisite structural specialization for the transport of macromolecules across the GIT in the immature intestine, and our previous finding of uptake of luminal IGF-I into this complex (Trahair et al 1995), the precocious appear¬ ance of the apical endocytic complex suggests that transepithelial transport of IGF-I into the fetal circulation may have occurred. This is consistent with the observations that it is specifically the endocytic complex in the neonatal intestine which is responsible for the delivery of intact macromolecules present in colostrum and milk to the circulation in many species (Koldovsky 1991). These include immunoglobulins and growth factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Regulation of gastrointestinal growth in fetal sheep by luminally administered insulin-like growth factor-I

Trahair

Wing²,

Quinn³

et al. 1997

Journal of Endocrinology

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Fetuses swallow large volumes of amniotic fluid. Absence of swallowing results in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) growth deficits. While it is not yet known to what extent the growth factors present in amniotic fluid are involved in GIT ontogeny, milk-derived growth factors are considered to be important for neonatal growth. Our experiment tested the hypothesis that a luminal growth factor (insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-I) can sustain or promote GIT growth in utero in a model of gastrointestinal tract growth retardation. Ten-day infusion of either human recombinant IGF-I or vehicle into twin fetal sheep at 80 days gestation via an indwelling esophageal catheter resulted in altered GIT growth. Weight of the forestomach and small intestine increased. Significant histological changes were noted in the proximal small intestine, i.e. the region most exposed to the luminal infusion. Mucosal tissues were reduced in size. While the enterocytes in the proximal small intestine were generally more mature with regard to the ontogeny of the apical endocytic complex (which is responsible for uptake and transport of whole peptides), there were also many abnormal cytological features present. These included the development of large lysosomal-like inclusion bodies and many surfactant-like particles within the apical cytoplasm. Plasma IGF-I levels were on average 20% higher in treated siblings, suggesting that luminal IGF-I crossed the fetal gut and entered blood. IGF-II levels were not significantly affected. These observations are consistent with the suggestion that growth factors, which are present in swallowed amniotic fluid, influence fetal ontogeny.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Regulation of gastrointestinal growth in fetal sheep by luminally administered insulin-like growth factor-I

Trahair

Wing²,

Quinn³

et al. 1997

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Maternal and synthetic milks have contrasted functional properties which result in divergent psychobiological consequences for the neonates. Several such milk-dependent determinants of neonatal chemosensory performance can be briefly mentioned: (a) Colostrum and breast-milk carry behaviorally active agents -hormones, nerve growth factors, psychoactive peptides -that are much less or not represented in formula milks (Koldowsky, 1989;Grosvenor, Picciano, & Baumrucker, 1992). Many of these active agents are absorbed into the neonatal blood flow (Koldowsky, 1989) and are known to modulate olfactory detection abilities in adult humans or in young animals (e.g., thyroxine: Brunjes & Alberts, 1980;gonadal steroids: Le Magnen, 1952;Schneider, Costilloe, Howard, & Wolf, 1958;cortisol: Pause, 1996).…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Differences In Olfactory Preference Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several such milk-dependent determinants of neonatal chemosensory performance can be briefly mentioned: (a) Colostrum and breast-milk carry behaviorally active agents -hormones, nerve growth factors, psychoactive peptides -that are much less or not represented in formula milks (Koldowsky, 1989;Grosvenor, Picciano, & Baumrucker, 1992). Many of these active agents are absorbed into the neonatal blood flow (Koldowsky, 1989) and are known to modulate olfactory detection abilities in adult humans or in young animals (e.g., thyroxine: Brunjes & Alberts, 1980;gonadal steroids: Le Magnen, 1952;Schneider, Costilloe, Howard, & Wolf, 1958;cortisol: Pause, 1996). (b) Both kinds of milks differentially affect gastrointestinal function on either endocrine (Lucas, Boyes, Bloom, & Aynsley-Green, 1981: Salmenperä, Perheetupa, Siimes, Adrian, Bloom, & Aynsley-Green, 1988, absorptive (Koldowski, 1978) or digestive adaptedness levels (Forsyth & McCarthy, 1985;Da Mota, 1990).…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Differences In Olfactory Preference Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottle-fed neonates prefer an odor experienced in utero to an odor experienced postnatally in the feeding context

Marlier¹,

Schaal

Soussignan

1998

Dev. Psychobiol.

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The head‐orientation response of 2‐ and 4‐day‐old bottle‐feeding neonates was studied in paired‐choice odor tests. Three tests were conducted at Days 2 and 4 after birth to assess the development of the relative response between two salient odors from the prenatal and postnatal environments: (a) amniotic fluid (AF) versus formula milk (FM), (b) FM versus control stimulus (distilled water), and (c) AF versus control stimulus. At both ages, AF and FM elicited positive orientation when presented simultaneously with the control stimulus, indicating that both odors were detectable and attractive to the infants. However, when AF and FM were presented concurrently, the infants expressed significantly longer orientation response toward AF odor than toward FM odor at the age of 2 and 4 days. Within the first 4 days of life, bottle‐feeders thus display olfactory preference for a prenatal substrate over a postnatal substrate to which they were recurrently exposed in the feeding situation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 33: 133–145, 1998

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“…To begin to address the potential nonerythropoietic roles of enteral rhEpo, we first needed to assess the level of absorption and distribution of enterally administered rhEpo. We selected the rat model because of its utility in investigating neonatal erythropoiesis (11,16) and gastrointestinal tract development (17) and because rhEpo has been shown to have biologic activity in rats (18). We set out to test the hypothesis that milk-borne Epo is distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, absorbed into systemic circulation, and delivered to hematopoietic tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%