Hormone treatment and UVB exposure influences on female mice regarding skin physiological parameters, biochemical parameters and organ histology

Abstract

Females require at a certain period of life the administration or supplementation of specific hormones (estrogen, progesterone), for various needs, such as: prevention of unwanted pregnancies, decreased menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain in endometriosis, alleviation of symptoms associated with menopause, regulation of certain skin processes related to acne or aging and others. Also, hormones could act as oncogenes being known eloquent examples of estrogens labeled both as promoters of cell specific alteration or as mutagenic agents. The use of hormones and exposure to solar radiation is expected to cause a number of adverse changes to the body, especially due to their association with malignant processes. The current study was purported as a basis for understanding certain processes that occur with the administration of hormones and exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. The animal model was made on healthy adult female BALB/c mice, which were separated into groups and treated with Ethinylestradiol (EES), Levonorgestrel (LNG) and their combination in the presence of UVB radiation. Changes in skin physiological parameters were analyzed by non-invasive methods, biochemical parameters related to changes in blood circulating system were evaluated by standard methods and histopathological analysis was conducted to point out the changes at the level of the internal body. Measurement of skin parameters such as erythema, melanin, skin hydration, has highlighted some changes in hormone-treated and exposed to UVB radiation groups which were significant only in the case of erythema. Biochemical parameters showed variations in terms of liver enzymes in groups treated with active substances. Histologically, aspects of internal organs revealed significant changes in the group treated with EES and LNG and exposed to UVB radiation.

Otosclerosis under the magnifying glass

“…The most frequently associated diseases identified in the patients of the present study were high blood pressure, tumor conditions and autoimmune thyroiditis. Even if there are almost 100 years since few researchers suggested that could be an endocrine mechanism of otosclerosis, so far, no studies have been published in the English literature to demonstrate if there is a correlation between otosclerosis and autoimmune thyroiditis or different types of tumors [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. These correlations should be well studied in the future, to be able to observe if exists an association between these pathologies and also an etiological pathway that could be interrupted by preventive therapies.…”