Hormone replacement therapy increases ACTH/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in menopause

Fonseca, Eugenia; Basurto, Lourdes; Velázquez, Silvia; Zárate, Arturo

doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(01)00192-x

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On the one hand, cortisol is expected to rise in response to ACTH; on the other hand, it is possible that E 2 in female dogs has a regulatory effect over the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex, as in other species (Viau and Meaney 1991;van Lier et al 2003b). In post-menopausal women (Fonseca et al 2001) and in ovariectomised rats (Lo et al 2000) cortisol and corticosterone, respectively, increased after the administration of synthetic oestrogen. Moreover both in sheep and rats, ERα has been identified in the adrenal gland (Cutler et al 1978) and recently our group has identified this receptor in the adrenal gland of the dog (Gallelli et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Plasma ACTH, α-MSH and cortisol variations in the dog during the oestrous cycle in different photoperiods

Gallelli¹,

Monachesi²,

Miceli³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is a complex system regulated by multiple factors. Sexual dimorphism of this axis has been described in different species under physiological conditions and it has been proposed that sexual hormones could have an effect on it. There are only a few reports about sex-linked variations in HPA axis hormones in the dog. Thus, studying the impact of sexual hormones on the HPA axis would broaden the knowledge about its function in this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether there are variations in HPA plasma hormones (ACTH, alfa-melanocyte-stimulating hormone [α-MSH] and cortisol) according to the sex and photoperiod (positive or negative photoperiod were considered when the duration of the light hours of the day was more than 12 or less than 12, respectively) under basal conditions (like anoestrus) and throughout the oestrous cycle in the female dog. The population under study consisted of 11 intact female and 14 intact male dogs. Under basal conditions neither ACTH nor α-MSH concentrations showed differences between sexes and different photoperiods. Cortisol showed greater values in the negative photoperiod than in the positive, both in females and males (P = 0.03 and P = 0.015, respectively). Throughout the oestrous cycle, all the studied hormones showed variations (P < 0.0001). The greatest concentrations of ACTH were observed at proestrus, while α-MSH and cortisol showed their greatest concentrations at oestrus. The three hormones decreased in diestrus. ACTH and cortisol concentrations were higher in the negative photoperiod (P = 0.04 and P < 0.0001, respectively), while α-MSH concentrations were higher in the positive photoperiod (P = 0.012). In the group of females oestradiol and progesterone correlated with ACTH (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001; r = 0.34, P < 0.01, respectively), α-MSH (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001; r = 0.52, P < 0.0001, respectively) and cortisol (r = 0.33, P < 0.01; r = 0.5, P < 0.0001, respectively). These results show that in females, HPA axis hormones vary during the oestrous cycle in relation to oestradiol and progesterone fluctuations. The ACTH, α-MSH and cortisol concentrations also showed differences between photoperiods in females, but only cortisol did so in males. These findings suggest that sexual hormones could have an effect on the HPA axis. Further research needs to be done to fully understand this interaction and the mechanisms involved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Plasma ACTH, α-MSH and cortisol variations in the dog during the oestrous cycle in different photoperiods

Gallelli¹,

Monachesi²,

Miceli³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Therefore, our study suggests that HRT may exert a stimulatory effect on the pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex. However, the mechanism behind this association is still unknown, and conflicting results have been reported: Lobo et al [50] and Fonseca et al [51] showed a significant association between high cortisol levels and HRT use, whereas other studies have shown a positive association with low cortisol levels [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Women's work stress and cortisol levels: A longitudinal study of the association between the psychosocial work environment and serum cortisol

Evolahti

Hultcrantz

Collins

2006

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…Interestingly, GABAergic neurons in the BNST as well as preoptic area and hypothalamus can inhibit outflow from the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus neurons and, thus, reduce adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) secretion (Tringali et al, 2004;Herman et al, 2004). Although estrogen and progesterone have been shown in some studies to enhance and diminish HPA axis activation (Fonseca et al, 2001;Patchev et al, 1994), respectively, ALLO concentrations in plasma and brain increase as a result of stress (Barbaccia et al, 1997(Barbaccia et al, , 2001), perhaps as a compensatory mechanism. Women with PMDD fail to demonstrate the normal increase in ALLO seen in healthy subjects under conditions of stress (Monteleone et al, 2000;Girdler et al, 2001;Droogleever Fortuyn et al, 2004;Lombardi et al, 2004), or during HPA axis activation with ACTH administration (Genazzani et al, 1998;Lombardi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteal-Phase Accentuation of Acoustic Startle Response in Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Epperson

Pittman

Czarkowski

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Alterations in central nervous system response to menstrual cycle-related fluctuations in neuroactive steroids are thought to underlie the emergence of negative affect in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Such changes in the neuroendocrine milieu may lead to heightened arousal and response to stress in women with PMDD. Using the acoustic startle paradigm, we sought to determine whether women with PMDD have an accentuated physiologic response to a mildly aversive stimulus during the luteal compared to follicular phase. Further, we also examined the impact of visual affective stimuli on acoustic startle response (ASR) magnitude. During the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, acoustic stimuli (103 dB) were delivered to 15 women with PMDD and 14 healthy menstruating women of similar age. After obtaining baseline ASR, the procedure was repeated when subjects viewed pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures. There was a significant group by menstrual cycle phase interaction for baseline ASR magnitude, which can be attributed to the heightened startle magnitude in women with PMDD compared to healthy women during the luteal relative to the follicular phase. The direction and degree to which picture viewing modulated the startle magnitude did not vary by group or menstrual cycle phase. These data suggest that menstrual cycle phase has a powerful modulatory effect on physiologic reactivity in women with PMDD but not in healthy women. Physiologic response to affective stimuli appears to be intact in women with PMDD across the menstrual cycle.

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Hormone replacement therapy increases ACTH/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in menopause

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Plasma ACTH, α-MSH and cortisol variations in the dog during the oestrous cycle in different photoperiods

Plasma ACTH, α-MSH and cortisol variations in the dog during the oestrous cycle in different photoperiods

Women's work stress and cortisol levels: A longitudinal study of the association between the psychosocial work environment and serum cortisol

Luteal-Phase Accentuation of Acoustic Startle Response in Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

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