Hormone replacement therapy and serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in postmenopausal women

Proudler, Anthony J.; Crook, David; Stevenson, John C.; Ahmed, Aih; Rymer, Janice; Fogelman, Ignac

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92114-1

Cited by 195 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…45 These hormones will be found naturally in the adolescent girls in the current cohort and may explain the gender-specific differences observed. Such a mechanism is postulated by Fischer et al 46 In the absence of these hormones, as is the case in male subjects, ACE activity may be above the required threshold regardless of I/D genotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genetic variation in the human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with many heritable traits, including physical performance. Herein we report the results of a study of several physical, physiological and skill parameters and lifestyle in 1027 teenage Greeks. We show that there is a strong association (Po0.001) between the ACE I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism and both handgrip strength and vertical jump in females, homozygotes for the I-allele exhibiting higher performance-related phenotype scores, accounting for up to 4.5% of the phenotypic variance. The association is best explained by a model in which the D-allele is dominant, with the mean phenotypic value in the I/D heterozygotes being close to that of the mean of the DD homozygotes. The association acts across the phenotype distribution in a classical polygenic manner. Other polymorphisms that define major ACE haplotypes in European populations (rs4424958, rs4311) show weaker associations with these performance-related phenotypes than does I/D. Similarly, diplotypes defined by these polymorphisms do not explain significantly larger amounts of the variance than I/D alone. As ACE I/D is the polymorphism most strongly associated with circulating ACE activity in European populations, we propose that the functional allelic differences that influence ACE activity also mediate the associations with the performance-related phenotypes studied here.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22 In addition oestrogen reduces circulating catecholamines levels 23 and may act as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. 24 In vivo administration of oestrogen or natural progesterone can bring about an acute drop in blood pressure. 5,6 In hypertensive women a number of small studies have documented an antihypertensive effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised placebo controlled trial of the effects of tibolone on blood pressure and lipids in hypertensive women

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of hormone replacement therapy in hypertensive women are controversial. This randomised placebo controlled trial assessed the effect of tibolone 2.5 mg on blood pressure and fasting plasma lipids in 29 hypertensive postmenopausal women over 6 months using a 2:1 randomisation to tibolone. The primary clinical end-point was mean office blood pressure. At 6 months systolic blood pressure declined by 5.30 ؎ 2.87% vs 4.94 ؎ 3.37% whilst diastolic blood pressure declined 5.38 ؎ 2.65% vs 0.85 ؎ 3.69% on tibolone and placebo respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Triglycerides decreased by 33.3 ؎ 6.1% vs 7.6 ؎ 7.9% (P Ͻ 0.01) and

show abstract

“…Key effects of estrogen on prolonged survival are its ability to reduce hip fracture (8) and cardiovascular disease (9) by about 50%. The positive cardiovascular effects of estrogen include lowering LDL levels, increasing HDL levels, reducing LDL oxidation (and thus free radical damage), enhancing the synthesis of vasodilating substances (nitric oxide and prostacyclin), decreasing the activity of vasoconstrictors (endothelin 1), and acting as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (10). Hormone replacement therapy also decreases colon cancer by 30 to 46% (11).…”

Section: The Hormonal Fountain Of Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, animal and in vitro studies suggest that estrogen decreases plasma levels of apolipoprotein E4, decreases amyloid secretion, increases neuronal dendrites, enhances the effectiveness of glutamate and acetylcholine on memory, and reverses memory dysfunction in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer disease (13,14 and unpublished observations). cally associated with an increase in breast cancer incidence (10). However, for both of these diseases, the death rates of women developing them while on estrogen are lower than would be expected if they were not (15).…”

Section: The Hormonal Fountain Of Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and metabolic changes in human aging

Banks

Morley

2000

AGE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

"Aging and death are inevitable. We have no desire to prolong life, if such prolongation entails only added days and years of misery and suffering. On the other hand, for the first time in history, man has within his grasp potent medications of many kinds, among the more important of which are specific hormones capable of retarding if not stopping some of the undesirable features of growing old". Thomas Hodge McGavack Geriatrics 18:181-191 (1963) ABSTRACT Numerous alterations in hormonal secretion occur with aging. In general, these tend towards a disintegration of the normal cyclic secretory patterns resulting in lower total circulating levels. In addition, declines in receptors and postreceptor function further decreases the ability of the hormonal orchestra to maintain coordinated function throughout the organism. Clues to some of these agerelated changes in humans may come from the study of simpler organisms where regulatory systems are known to modulate the aging process. In particular, the interactions among the environment, hormones, and insulin receptor genes have led to new insights into the genetic control of longevity and the development of syndrome X.It is now well established, as summarized in Table 1, that the levels of many hormones are altered with aging (1). Some hormonal levels decrease, reflecting endocrine gland failure, whereas others increase, often because of end organ failure due to a decrease in receptors or a failure of postreceptor function. In the last decade, it has become popular to look to hormone replacement therapy as a mechanism to reverse the aging process. It has become popular to consider this the "hormonal fountain of youth". With aging, dysregulation of food intake accompanied by sarcopenia ('wasting of the flesh") occurs (2). A number of hormonal mechanisms are related to the physiological anorexia of aging (3). In particular, recent studies have suggested that alterations in circulating testosterone levels lead in males to increased leptin levels and thus to anorexia (4).Another area of intense interest in understanding the mechanisms of aging in humans has been the alterations that occur in glucose metabolism with aging and the role of age-related glucose end products (AGE) in accelerating the aging process (5). This area has been closely linked with the changes in nutrition that occur with aging, with insulin resistance, and more recently, with the genes that encode for the insulin receptor. It is of interest that the hormonal changes produced by dietary restriction in rodents are similar to the agerelated hormonal changes in humans, as shown in Table 2 (6). This raises the possibility that these hormonal changes are protective, i,e. slow down metabolism and thus slow down the aging process. This creates a "chicken or egg" hypothesis, illustrated in Figure 1, which asks the question: do aging changes occur because of the decline in hormones or do high hormone levels produce aging changes?This review will briefly examine the available data in each of these areas and...

show abstract

Hormone replacement therapy and serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in postmenopausal women

Cited by 195 publications

References 7 publications

The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents

The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents

A randomised placebo controlled trial of the effects of tibolone on blood pressure and lipids in hypertensive women

Endocrine and metabolic changes in human aging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About