Hormone Replacement Therapy and Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures

Torgerson, David; Bell-Syer, Sally EM

doi:10.1001/jama.285.22.2891

Cited by 460 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…These findings are consistent with the observational data and limited data from clinical trials 41 and are also consistent with the known ability of estrogen (with or without progestin) to maintain bone mineral density. 42 The WHI is the first trial with definitive data supporting the ability of postmenopausal hormones to prevent fractures at the hip, vertebrae, and other sites.…”

Section: Fracturessupporting

confidence: 89%

Exercise and Risk of Breast Cancer

2003

JAMA

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Section: Fracturessupporting

confidence: 89%

Exercise and Risk of Breast Cancer

2003

JAMA

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“…At least 20 million women in developed countries are estimated to be currently receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to prevent postmenopausal OP (35). A meta-analysis based on trials measuring BMD indicated that the use of HRT is associated with a reduction of non-vertebral fractures, in particular in women that receive HRT prior to reaching the age of 60 years (36). Bourrin et al reported that 5 months of treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulator therapy (SERM) increased tibia BMD and strength, but failed to correct cancellous bone architecture (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrasound on estradiol level, bone mineral density, bone biomechanics and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in ovariectomized rabbits

Xia

Guo

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of ultrasound (US) on estradiol level, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanics and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression in ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits. A total of 28 virgin New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into the following groups: Control (control group), ovariectomy (OVX group), ovariectomy with ultrasound therapy (US group) and ovariectomy with estrogen replacement therapy group (ERT group). At 8 weeks after ovariectomy, the US group received ultrasound treatment while the ERT group were orally treated with conjugated estrogens, and the control and OVX groups remained untreated. The estradiol level, BMD and bone biomechanics, cartilage histology and the MMP-13 expression were analyzed after the intervention. The results indicate that the US treatment increased estradiol level, BMD and bone biomechanical function. Furthermore, the US treatment appeared to improve the recovery of cartilage morphology and decreased the expression of MMP-13 in OVX models. Furthermore, the results suggest that 10 days of US therapy was sufficient to prevent the reduction of estradiol, BMD and bone biomechanical function, to protect osteoarthritis cartilage structure, and to reduce MMP-13 transcription and expression in OVX rabbits. Therefore, US treatment may be a potential treatment for postmenopausal osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.

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“…Previous results have indeed demonstrated that HRT reduces the risk of fractures, even among women with low fracture risk (16). However, findings from Women's Health Initiative trials in 2002 indicated that the risks associated with HRT outweighed the benefits (17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Menopause is associated with increased oxidative stress, which serves a role, in part, in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal bone loss. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidative nutrients and phytochemicals. Berries are a natural source of anthocyanins, and their intake may improve bone health. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (VME) on bone metabolism in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old) were randomly divided into the following four groups: Baseline, Sham, Ovx and Ovx+VME (n=8-12 rats per group). Rats in the Baseline group were sacrificed immediately, while those in the other groups were subjected to either sham operation (Sham) or bilateral Ovx (Ovx and Ovx+VME). Rats in the Ovx+VME group were administered VME daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. At 8 weeks after surgery, bone mass and bone histomorphometry were evaluated. The femur bone mineral density (BMD) in the Ovx group was significantly lower than that in the Sham group (P<0.01). Supplementation of VME in the Ovx rats did not result in an increase in BMD. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that Ovx resulted in decreased measures of bone volume and trabecular number and increased measures of osteoid volume, mineralizing surface and bone formation rates (all P<0.01), whereas VME had no significant effects on these parameters. The present findings indicate that VME did not alter bone metabolism in Ovx rats, suggesting that consumption of VME may not be helpful in preventing postmenopausal bone loss.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy and Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures

Abstract: Our meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of HRT noted a statistically significant reduction in nonvertebral fractures. However, this effect may be attenuated in older women.

Cited by 460 publications

References 42 publications

Exercise and Risk of Breast Cancer

Exercise and Risk of Breast Cancer

Effects of ultrasound on estradiol level, bone mineral density, bone biomechanics and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in ovariectomized rabbits

Effect of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

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