Hormone-dependent protein patterns in integument and cuticular pigmentation in Apis mellifera during pharate adult development

In vitro secretion of ecdysteroid-dependent proteins and of a 70 kDa subunit reactive to anti-prophenoloxidase serum by Apis mellifera integument

“…These proteins were previously observed in cuticle extracts from honey bee pupae run on SDS-PAGE (Santos et al, 2001), indicating that they become incorporated into the cuticle. By injecting pupae with 20E, the expression of these low molecular proteins was prolonged, showing that an elevated ecdysteroid titer is necessary to maintain their expression.…”

“…In previous studies (Zufelato et al, 2000;Santos et al, 2001), we showed that injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in honey bee pupae promoted a prolongation in the time of expression of specific low molecular weight epidermal proteins, which normally cease to be expressed at the end of the pupal stage. 20E injection in honey bee pupae also arrested pigmentation and hardening of the cuticle.…”

The impact of pyriproxyfen on the development of honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) colony in field

“…These studies also revealed that low concentrations of PPN would cause melanization of pupae. This may be due to increased phenoloxidase activity to regulate melanization and pupation (Bitondi et al, 1998;Zufelato et al, 2000;Santos et al, 2001). However, honey bee larvae in our study were fed with, and may have contact with PPN from the first day of being hatched, which might be one of factors that caused large impacts and lead to a low emergence rates.…”

“…PPN is classified as a JH analog, which emulates the effects of JH and thus changes JH and ecdysteroid titers in arthropods (Bitondi et al, 1998;Zufelato et al, 2000). Similar to other JH analogs, PPN can affect the homeostasis of hormones in insects and inhibit embryogenesis, egg hatching, metamorphosis and adult eclosion, and resulting in the death of insects (Glancey et al, 1990;Reimer et al, 1991;Miyamoto et al, 1993;Santos et al, 2001).…”

“…However it has been demonstrated that both honey bee larval and pupal developments are retarded and adult emergence rate is lowered when honey bee worker larvae were treated with PPN at different stages (Bitondi et al, 1998;Zufelato et al, 2000;Santos et al, 2001;Fourrier et al, 2015).…”