Hormone-controlled changes in the differentiation state of post-mitotic neurons

Lai, Yen-Wei; Miyares, Rosa Linda; Liu, Lingyu; Chu, Sao-Yu; Lee, Tzumin; Yu, Hung–Hsiang

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.027

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…D. melanogaster harbours three isoforms, the predominant is EcR-B1, which includes a ligand-independent activation domain absent in EcR-A (Truman & Riddiford, 2019;Truman, 2019). EcR-B1 is expressed in all the tissues during the larval stage and drives neuronal remodelling from larva to adult, while EcR-A is specific to the wing imaginal discs and upregulated when entering metamorphosis (Truman & Riddiford, 2019;Truman, 2019;Lai et al, 2022). RXR exhibits the same domain composition as other members of the nuclear hormone receptor family and has undergone several changes during insect evolution.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Hormonal Stimulation Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Campli,

Volovych,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Exoskeletons are a defining character of all arthropods that provide physical support for their segmented bodies and appendages as well as protection from the environment and predation. This ubiquitous yet evolutionarily variable feature has been instrumental in facilitating the adoption of a variety of lifestyles and the exploitation of ecological niches across all environments. Throughout the radiation of Arthropoda that produced the more than one million described modern species, the adaptability afforded by segmentation and exoskeletons has led to a diversity that is unrivalled amongst animals. However, because exoskeletons cannot grow, they must be periodically shed and replaced with new larger ones to accommodate the growing individuals encased within. Arthropods must therefore undergo periodic moulting events, which follow a series of steps from the preparatory pre-moult phase to ecdysis itself and the post-moult maturation of the new exoskeleton. Each event represents a particularly vulnerable period in an arthropod’s life cycle, so the process must be tightly regulated and meticulously executed to ensure successful transitions for normal growth and development. Decades of research in representative arthropods provide a foundation of understanding of the mechanisms involved. Building on this, studies continue to develop and test hypotheses on the presence and function of molecular components, including neuropeptides, hormones, and receptors, as well as the so-called early, late, and fate genes, across arthropod diversity. Here, we review the literature to develop a comprehensive overview of the current status of accumulated knowledge of the genetic toolkit governing arthropod moulting. From the biosynthesis and regulation of ecdysteroid and sesquiterpenoid hormones, to the factors involved in hormonal stimulation responses and exoskeleton remodelling, we identify commonalities and differences, as well as highlighting major knowledge gaps, across arthropod groups. We examine the available evidence supporting current models of how components operate together to prepare for, execute, and recover from ecdysis, comparing reports from Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda. Evidence is generally highly taxonomically imbalanced, with most reports based on insect study systems. Biases are also evident in the research on different moulting phases and processes, with the early triggers and the late effectors generally being the least well explored. Our synthesis contrasts knowledge based on reported observations with reasonably plausible assumptions given current taxonomic sampling, and exposes weak assumptions or major gaps that need addressing. Encouragingly, advances in genomics are driving a diversification of tractable study systems by facilitating the cataloguing of putative genetic toolkits in previously under-explored taxa. Analysis of genome and transcriptome data supported by experimental investigations have validated the presence of an “ultra-conserved” core of arthropod moulting genes. The molecular machinery has likely evolved with elaborations on this conserved pathway backbone, but more taxonomic exploration is needed to characterise lineage-specific changes and novelties. Furthermore, linking these to transformative innovations in moulting processes across Arthropoda remains hampered by knowledge gaps and hypotheses based on untested assumptions. Promisingly however, emerging from the synthesis is a framework that highlights research avenues from the underlying genetics to the dynamic molecular biology through to the complex physiology of moulting.

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Section: Factors Involved In Hormonal Stimulation Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Campli,

Volovych,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Together, this multi-layered Chinmo/Syp control system ensures Mamo is expressed at the right time in the correct amounts. In addition to specifying the α′β′ KCs, Mamo has also recently been reported to promote and maintain the identity of the γ KCs during later development (Lai et al, 2022).…”

Section: Postembryonic Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

The making of the Drosophila mushroom body

Lin

2023

Front. Physiol.

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The mushroom body (MB) is a computational center in the Drosophila brain. The intricate neural circuits of the mushroom body enable it to store associative memories and process sensory and internal state information. The mushroom body is composed of diverse types of neurons that are precisely assembled during development. Tremendous efforts have been made to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms that build the mushroom body. However, we are still at the beginning of this challenging quest, with many key aspects of mushroom body assembly remaining unexplored. In this review, I provide an in-depth overview of our current understanding of mushroom body development and pertinent knowledge gaps.

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“…We found that the Bmmamo gene is associated with both larval pigmentation and female fertility. In D. melanogaster, mamo is involved in neural development and differentiation (Lai et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2019). In B. mori, it has been reported that the Bmmamo gene is highly expressed in the adult brain (https://silkbase.ab.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgibin/entryview_gm2.cgi?clone_name=%20KWMTBOMO05086).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Pleiotropic Effects Of the Bmmamo Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In D. melanogaster, the mamo gene yields seven splice isoforms that encode four different proteins. Only one Mamo isoform is involved in the generation and maintenance of α'/β' and γ neurons in the mushroom body (Lai et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2019), suggesting that the other isoforms are involved in different functions. (Nakamura et al, 2019) showed that the maternally derived Mamo protein is processed into shorter derivatives without BTB domain.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Pleiotropic Effects Of the Bmmamo Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of a BTB-ZF transcription factor causes female sterility and melanization in the larval body of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

Tomihara

Kiuchi

2023

Preprint

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Thedilute black(bd) phenotype of the silkwormBombyx moriis a recessive mutant that produces a grayish-black color in the larval integument, instead of the characteristic white color found in wild-type larvae. In addition, eggs produced bybdfemales are sterile due to a deficiency in the micropylar apparatus. We identified candidate genes responsible for thebdphenotype using publicly available RNA-seq data. One of these candidate genes was homologous to thematernal gene required for meiosis(mamo) ofDrosophila melanogaster, which encodes a broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac-zinc finger (BTB-ZF) transcription factor essential for female fertility. In three independentbdstrains, the expression of theB. mori mamo(Bmmamo) was downregulated in the larval integument. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout strategy, we found thatBmmamoknockout mutants exhibit a grayish-black color in the larval integument and female infertility. Moreover, larvae obtained from the complementation cross betweenbd/+mutants and heterozygous knockouts for theBmmamoalso exhibited a grayish-black color, indicating thatBmmamois responsible for thebdphenotype. Gene expression analysis usingBmmamoknockout mutants suggested that the BmMamo protein suppresses the expression of melanin synthesis genes. Previous comparative genome analysis revealed that theBmmamowas selected during silkworm domestication, and we found thatBmmamoexpression in the larval integument is higher inB. morithan in the wild silkwormB. mandarina, suggesting that theBmmamois involved in domestication-associated pigmentation changes of the silkworm.

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Hormone-controlled changes in the differentiation state of post-mitotic neurons

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

The making of the Drosophila mushroom body

Disruption of a BTB-ZF transcription factor causes female sterility and melanization in the larval body of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

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