Hormone Contraception before the First Birth and Endometrial Cancer Risk

Cook, Linda S.; Dong, Yan; Round, Pamela J.; Huang, Xun; Magliocco, Anthony M.; Friedenreich, Christine M.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0943

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There is a clear trend with longer use being associated with lower incidence. The incidence on an annualized basis is 0.95 for use of combined agents (Hüsing et al 2016; Cook et al 2014). Beginning OCs prior to or after the first pregnancy does not seem to have an effect (Schonfeld et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Combined Estrogen–Progestogen and Progestogen-Only Contraceptives with the Development of Cancer

Williams

Mitchell²,

Carlson

et al. 2018

Linacre Q

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Combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives (oral contraceptives or OCs) and progestogen-only contraceptives (POCs) are synthetic steroids that bind to steroid hormone receptors, which are widespread throughout the body. They have a profound effect on cellular physiology. Combined OCs have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 carcinogens, but their findings have not been updated recently. In order to update the information and better understand the impact that OCs and POCs have on the risk of development of cancers, a comprehensive literature search was undertaken, focusing on more recently published papers. In agreement with the IARC, the recent literature confirms an increased risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer with the use of OCs. The recent literature also confirms the IARC conclusion that OCs decrease the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. However, there is little support from recent studies for the IARC conclusion that OCs decrease the risk of colorectal cancer or increase the risk of liver cancer. For liver cancer, this may be due to the recent studies having been performed in areas where hepatitis is endemic. In one large observational study, POCs also appear to increase the overall risk of developing cancer. OCs and POCs appear to increase the overall risk of cancer when carefully performed studies with the least intrinsic bias are considered. Summary: OCs have been classified as cancer-causing agents, especially leading to increases in breast cancer and cervical cancer. A review of the recent scientific literature was performed to see whether this still appears to be the case. The recent literature supports the cancer-causing role of OCs especially for breast cancer and cervical cancer. Studies also indicate that progesterone-only contraceptives (such as implants and vaginal rings) also can cause cancer. This is especially true for breast cancer and cervical cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Combined Estrogen–Progestogen and Progestogen-Only Contraceptives with the Development of Cancer

Williams

Mitchell²,

Carlson

et al. 2018

Linacre Q

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“…In contrast to HRT, the use of hormonal contraception is protective to the endometrium [17]. The reduction of this risk is proportional to duration of use, for every 5 years of use is associated with an RR of 0.76, and this effect persists for about 30 years, and it may be amplified as time progresses [18].…”

Section: Reasons For the Increase In The Incidence Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriching Personalized Endometrial Cancer Research with the Harmonization of Biobanking Standards

Adishesh

Hapangama

2019

Cancers

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Endometrial cancer is the commonest gynecological cancer, with an incidence predicted to escalate by a further 50–100% before 2025, due to the rapid rise in risk factors such as obesity and increased life expectancy. Endometrial cancer associated mortality is also rising, depicting the need for translatable research to improve our understanding of the disease. Rapid translation of scientific discoveries will facilitate the development of new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Biobanks play a vital role in providing biospecimens with accompanying clinical data for personalized translational research. Wide variation in collection, and pre-analytic variations in processing and storage of bio-specimens result in divergent and irreproducible data from multiple studies that are unsuitable for collation to formulate robust conclusions. Harmonization of biobanking standards is thus vital, in facilitating international multi-center collaborative studies with valuable outcomes to improve personalized treatments. This review will detail the pitfalls in the biobanking of biosamples from women with cancer in general, and describe the recent international harmonization project that developed standardized research tools to overcome these challenges and to enhance endometrial cancer research, which will facilitate future development of personalized novel diagnostic strategies and treatments.

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“…The total number of ovulatory years between menarche and menopause has been used, but this does not address the timing of COC use with respect to full-term births. Studies of breast cancer (Schlesselman, 1989; Romieu et al , 1990; Kahlenborn et al , 2006) and endometrial cancer (Cook et al , 2014) have reported a long-term effect with the use of COCs before the first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) among parous women. We therefore investigated the EOC risk associated with COC use, focusing on COC use before the FFTP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined oral contraceptive use before the first birth and epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Cook

Pestak

Leung³

et al. 2016

Br J Cancer

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Background:Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use reduces epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. However, little is known about risk with COC use before the first full-term pregnancy (FFTP).Methods:This Canadian population-based case–control study (2001–2012) included 854 invasive cases/2139 controls aged ⩾40 years who were parous and had information on COC use. We estimated odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for study site, age, parity, breastfeeding, age at FFTP, familial breast/ovarian cancer, tubal ligation, and body mass.Results:Among parous women, per year of COC use exclusively before the FFTP was associated with a 9% risk reduction (95% CI=0.86–0.96). Results were similar for high-grade serous and endometrioid/clear cell EOC. In contrast, per year of use exclusively after the FFTP was not associated with risk (aOR=0.98, 95% CI=0.95–1.02).Conclusions:Combined oral contraceptive use before the FFTP may provide a risk reduction that remains for many years, informing possible prevention strategies.

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Hormone Contraception before the First Birth and Endometrial Cancer Risk

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Association of Combined Estrogen–Progestogen and Progestogen-Only Contraceptives with the Development of Cancer

Association of Combined Estrogen–Progestogen and Progestogen-Only Contraceptives with the Development of Cancer

Enriching Personalized Endometrial Cancer Research with the Harmonization of Biobanking Standards

Combined oral contraceptive use before the first birth and epithelial ovarian cancer risk

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