Hormone and metabolite profiles as well as the onset of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows suffering from various forms of ketosis

Abstract

The involvement of adrenocortical and thyroid hormones in the pathogenesis of ketosis as well as the ovarian consequences of this metabolic disorder were studied in ≥2 parity cows (n=199) in 3 large scale dairy herds. To compare the plasma / serum concentrations of certain hormones [Cortisol, thyroxin (T4), triiodo-thyronine (T3), insulin, isulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-l)J and metabolites [glucose (G), acetoacetic acid (ACAC), βOH-butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), trigliceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCh)J, and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood samples were taken 1 to 3 days after calving and again at 7-day intervals on four other occasions. The ACTH-challenged Cortisol responsiveness and the TRH-induced T4/T3 increase were determined between days 1 to 3 and again between days 28 to 35. The resumption of ovarian cyclicity was followed up by individual progesterone (P4) profiles based on milk samples taken 3 times a week for about 80 to 85 days postpartum. A concentration of 1 mmol/l of BHB level was estimated as a border between hyper- (>1 mmol/l) and normal ketonaemic (<1 mmol/l) conditions. 5 different ketone patterns were distinguished: (1) non-ketotic (n=98; normal ketonaemia in all samples), (2) early type ketosis (n=45; hyperketonemia was detected only in the first week after calving), (3) late type (lacta-tional) ketosis (n=11; after a normal ketonaemic period increasing hyperketonaemia was detected in the 5th, or in the 4th and 5th weeks), (4) temporary ketosis (n=ll; hyperketonaemia was detected for 1-2 weeks in the 2nd and 3rd or in the 3rd and 4th weeks); (5) long-lasting ketosis (n=34; hyperketonaemia had been detected since calving for 4 to 5 weeks or until death or emergency slaughtering). Simultaneously with the hyperketonaemic stage increased NEFA, ACAC, depressed TCh, glucose and decreased insulin, IGF-1, T4 and T3 concentrations were detected in almost all the cases. Obvious metabolic and endocrine alterations were found, however, only in long-lasting ketosis. The TRH-stimulated T4 and T3 responses remained almost unaffected proving intact thyroid function in early and late type as well as in temporary ketosis. Depressed thyroid response and delayed onset of cyclic ovarian function were detected only in cases of long-lasting ketosis. The cows characterized by lower than normal (< mean-SD of non-ketotic cows) ACTH-stimulated cortisol response on days 1-3 after calving showed poorer chancefor spontaneous recovery. There was a significant negative correlation between the IGF-1 level in the 1st week after calving and the duration of the postpartum acyclic period. In late type (lactational) ketosis the cessation of ovarian cyclicity was the most characteristic genital malfunction.

Cardiac vagal tone, plasma cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone response to an ACTH challenge in lame and nonlame dairy cows

“…As expected on the basis of paired selection of cows in our study, metabolic parameters showed no relevant differences between groups. This indicated that there was no underlying metabolic cause that could interfere with cortisol concentrations [39] or adrenal response capacity [40]. O'Driscoll et al [41] have compared the metabolic status of cows with and without sole ulcers and found no difference in glucose, urea, and creatine-kinase concentrations.…”

Influence of lipolysis and ketogenesis to metabolic and hematological parameters in dairy cows during periparturient period

“…NEFA is used for energy purposes and is a precursor for the synthesis of BHB in the hepatocytes (Guo et al, 2008). Cows with high values of BHB have lower reproductive capacity, significant loss in body condition, produce a small amount of milk and suffer from extreme metabolic changes (Kessel et al, 2008, Huszenicza et al, 2006. Cows with high values of BHB have lower reproductive capacity, significant loss in body condition, produce a small amount of milk and suffer from extreme metabolic changes (Kessel et al, 2008, Huszenicza et al, 2006.…”

Diagnostic Evaluation of Fat to Protein Ratio in Prolonged Calving to Conception Interval Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Analyses

“…2001). Study of Huszenicza et al. (2006) showed negative effect of long‐lasting hyperketonaemia in postpartum period on reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.…”